ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2018
Effects of Germination on Protein, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Phenolic Acids, and Antioxidant Capacity in Wheat.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Food Systems.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Maximizing Phenolics, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, and Antioxidant Capacity in White Corn Sprouts Through HBiology · 2026Article
- Germination as a Strategy to Enhance the Bioactivity of Whole Grains: Phytochemical Remodeling and Health Implications.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Bridging wheat kernel microstructure and flour rheology occurring during wheat germination.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Article
- Advances in GABA-Enriched Yogurt and Frozen Yogurt: Microbial Biosynthesis, Functional Properties, and Health Perspectives-A Comprehensive Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) releases seed dormancy by orchestrating abscisic acid and gibberellin metabolism and signaling.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Germinated Wheat as a Potential Natural Source of Antioxidants to Improve Sperm Quality: A Canary Trial.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Grain Germination Changes the Profile of Phenolic Compounds and Benzoxazinoids in Wheat: A Study on Hard and Soft Cultivars.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Analysis of QTL mapping for germination and seedling response to drought stress in sunflower (PeerJ · 2023Article
- Nutrient Composition of Germinated Foxtail Millet Flour Treated with Mixed Salt Solution and Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Effect of Bio-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Germination, Early Seedling Development, and Metabolome of Wheat (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Optimized Roasting Conditions of Germinated Wheat for a Novel Cereal Beverage and Its Sensory Properties.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Effects of Transglutaminase and Refrigerated Storage on the Physicochemical Properties of Whole Wheat Dough and Noodles.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Use of Sprouts to Improve the Nutritional Value of Food Products: A Brief Review.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2021Review
- The versatile GABA in plants.Plant signaling & behavior · 2021Review
- Food Processing Technologies to Develop Functional Foods With Enriched Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Cereals.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Review
- Characteristics ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Comparison of Physicochemical Properties and Metabolite Profiling UsingFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Soluble Phenolic Composition Tailored by Germination Conditions Accompany Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Wheat.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Effects of GABA and Vigabatrin on the Germination of Chinese Chestnut Recalcitrant Seeds and Its Implications for Seed Dormancy and Storage.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Germinated wheat is a food material with potential health benefits due to its high phenolic and antioxidant content, but the reason why germination increases this content is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between protein changes (determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE)), phenolics, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, and antioxidant capacity of wheat germinated for various periods (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) compared to control. Each phenolic acid tended to increase with increasing germination time. The GABA content was highest (39.98 mg/100 g dwb) after 96 h of germination. The total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was 1.97 times higher after 96 h than in ungerminated seeds. Fifteen proteins, among 82 proteins separated by 2-DE, were highly related with ORAC and were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMS). The PMS revealed strong expression of granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) and glutathione S-transferase (GSTF) after 96 h of germination. Overall, the ORAC at 96 h exhibited a close relationship with the levels of phenolic acids, GABA, and proteins such as GBSS and GSTF. In conclusion, these findings add to the existing knowledge of wheat protein changes and their relationship to the antioxidant properties of germinating wheat seeds.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.