ArticleParasites & vectors2018
Diverse tick-borne microorganisms identified in free-living ungulates in Slovakia.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review on the Occurrence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- The Prevalence ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Pooled it
- Surveillance of Tick-Borne Pathogens (TBPs) from Wildlife in the Valle d'Aosta Region, Northwestern Italy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Identification and mapping of potential and highly likely vectors for selected vector-borne diseases in the EU and neighbouring countries.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Epidemiological investigation and genetic characterization of Coxiella burnetii carried by parasitic ticks in the southeastern coastal region of China.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sympatric Occurrence of Five Exophilic Tick Species in the Levice Region (Southwestern Slovakia) and Their Infection with Tick-Borne Pathogens.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Without Borders? The Impact of Political Barriers and Land Use on the Animal Health Dynamics and Genetic Structures of Large Game Species in the Carpathian Basin and Surrounding Regions-A Systematic Review.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- First Record ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) as potential vectors of bacterial and protozoan pathogens in Slovakia.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Detection ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Review of Molecular Tools Used in Diagnosis ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Non-zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in Western Balkan.Parasites & vectors · 2025Review
- Prevalence of haemotropic mycoplasmas and blood piroplasmids in domestic and wild ruminants in Slovakia, Central Europe.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Article
- The Impact of Altitude on Tick-Borne Pathogens at Two Mountain Ranges in Central Slovakia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Tick-Borne Bacterial Diseases in Europe: Threats to public health.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Review
- Potential drivers of vector-borne pathogens in urban environments: European hedgehogs (One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Multiple factors affecting Ixodes ricinus ticks and associated pathogens in European temperate ecosystems (northeastern France).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from the wild mountain ungulates mouflon and chamois in 4 regions of France.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2024Article
- The role of wildlife in the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases in Slovakia.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFree-living ungulates are hosts of ixodid ticks and reservoirs of tick-borne microorganisms in central Europe and many regions around the world. Tissue samples and engorged ticks were obtained from roe deer, red deer, fallow deer, mouflon, and wild boar hunted in deciduous forests of south-western Slovakia. DNA isolated from these samples was screened for the presence of tick-borne microorganisms by PCR-based methods.
resultsTicks were found to infest all examined ungulate species. The principal infesting tick was Ixodes ricinus, identified on 90.4% of wildlife, and included all developmental stages. Larvae and nymphs of Haemaphysalis concinna were feeding on 9.6% of wildlife. Two specimens of Dermacentor reticulatus were also identified. Ungulates were positive for A. phagocytophilum and Theileria spp. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was found to infect 96.1% of cervids, 88.9% of mouflon, and 28.2% of wild boar, whereas Theileria spp. was detected only in cervids (94.6%). Importantly, a high rate of cervids (89%) showed mixed infections with both these microorganisms. In addition to A. phagocytophilum and Theileria spp., Rickettsia helvetica, R. monacensis, unidentified Rickettsia sp., Coxiella burnetii, "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis", Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) and Babesia venatorum were identified in engorged I. ricinus. Furthermore, A. phagocytophilum, Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. were detected in engorged H. concinna. Analysis of 16S rRNA and groEL gene sequences revealed the presence of five and two A. phagocytophilum variants, respectively, among which sequences identified in wild boar showed identity to the sequence of the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). Phylogenetic analysis of Theileria 18S rRNA gene sequences amplified from cervids and engorged I. ricinus ticks segregated jointly with sequences of T. capreoli isolates into a moderately supported monophyletic clade.
conclusionsThe findings indicate that free-living ungulates are reservoirs for A. phagocytophilum and Theileria spp. and engorged ixodid ticks attached to ungulates are good sentinels for the presence of agents of public and veterinary concern. Further analyses of the A. phagocytophilum genetic variants and Theileria species and their associations with vector ticks and free-living ungulates are required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.