ArticleAutophagy2019
Parallel damage in mitochondria and lysosomes is an efficient way to photoinduce cell death.
Article in Autophagy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)Autophagy · 2021Guideline
- The Influence of the Central Metal (Zn) in the Porphyrin Skeleton on the Mechanism Induced by Photodynamic Therapy.Cancers · 2026Review
- Rethinking photosensitization in therapy and sun protection.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis with Contributions from Apoptosis and Necroptosis in Porphyrazine III-Based Photodynamic Therapy of Primary Human Gliomas.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Self-assembled nanoplatform for synergistic anti-angiogenic/photothermal therapy against gastric cancer with Src-mediated pathway blocking.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Pancreatic β Cell Function: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets for Diabetes.Journal of diabetes · 2026Review
- Hepatocyte-Derived IL-25 Promotes Macrophage Extracellular Trap Formation and Drives Liver Fibrosis Progression.Inflammation · 2026Article
- The enhanced photothermal therapy against gastric cancer by mitochondria/STAT3-targeted nanoplatform with OXPHOS blocking.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Modulation of Autophagy by Ursolic and Betulinic Acids: Distinct Cytotoxic and Membrane-Disruption in Malignant and Nonmalignant Cells.Cell biology international · 2025Article
- Modulation of mTOR Within Retinal Pigment Epithelium Affects Cell Viability and Mitochondrial Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Nanoengineered hydrogels disrupt tumor antioxidant defense via photothermal-chemodynamic synergy and oxidative stress boosts.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- An engineered mitoCBE facilitates efficient mitochondrial DNA editing and modified mitochondrial transfer.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Targeting Lp-PLA2 inhibits profibrotic monocyte-derived macrophages in silicosis through restoring cardiolipin-mediated mitophagy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Increased Mitochondrial Superoxide Level Is Partially Associated With Vemurafenib-Induced Renal Tubular Toxicity.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Ferroptosis spreads to neighboring cells via plasma membrane contacts.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cryoshocked Adipocytes Mediated Dual-Modal Strategy Combining Photodynamic Therapy and Triptolide Palmitate for Pulmonary Metastatic Melanoma Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue: in vitro and in vivo studies.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using gold nanoparticles conjugated with 1,9-dimethyl-methylene blue for treating Staphylococcus skin infections.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Activation of FANCC attenuates mitochondrial ROS-driven necroptosis by targeting TBK1-dependent mitophagy in astrocytes after spinal cord injury.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Non-pathogenic Trojan horseMaterials today. Bio · 2024Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cells challenged by photosensitized oxidations face strong redox stresses and rely on autophagy to either survive or die. However, the use of macroautophagy/autophagy to improve the efficiency of photosensitizers, in terms of inducing cell death, remains unexplored. Here, we addressed the concept that a parallel damage in the membranes of mitochondria and lysosomes leads to a scenario of autophagy malfunction that can greatly improve the efficiency of the photosensitizer to cause cell death. Specific damage to these organelles was induced by irradiation of cells pretreated with 2 phenothiazinium salts, methylene blue (MB) and 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB). At a low concentration level (10 nM), only DMMB could induce mitochondrial damage, leading to mitophagy activation, which did not progress to completion because of the parallel damage in lysosome, triggering cell death. MB-induced photodamage was perceived almost instantaneously after irradiation, in response to a massive and nonspecific oxidative stress at a higher concentration range (2 µM). We showed that the parallel damage in mitochondria and lysosomes activates and inhibits mitophagy, leading to a late and more efficient cell death, offering significant advantage (2 orders of magnitude) over photosensitizers that cause unspecific oxidative stress. We are confident that this concept can be used to develop better light-activated drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.