ArticleBMC veterinary research2018
Conjunctival aerobic bacterial flora in healthy Silesian foals and adult horses in Poland.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Remodelling of the healthy foal's conjunctival microbiome in the first two months of life.Journal of veterinary research · 2025Article
- Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Bacteria from the Conjunctival Sacs of Dogs with Bacterial Conjunctivitis in Different Regions of Wuhan, China.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Ocular Microbiome in a Group of Clinically Healthy Horses.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Aerobic Commensal Conjunctival Microflora in Healthy Donkeys.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCommensal bacterial and fungal flora of the conjunctival sac has been described in horses and other animals. The identification of commensal flora of the conjunctival sac may aid in the diagnosis of ocular inflammatory diseases, such as conjunctivitis or more severe ulcerative keratitis, common in horses. Moreover, damage of ocular protective barriers may lead to an opportunistic infection. The study was carried out in Silesian horses kept at a single breeding center in South-western Poland, in order to limit any breed-dependant and climate-dependant variables affecting the results. Following an ophthalmic examination that revealed no abnormalities, sterile swabs were collected from conjunctival sac in 26 adult horses and 11 foals. The obtained swabs were subjected to bacterial culture testing. In case of Staphylococcus spp. isolation, susceptibility to methicillin was evaluated.
resultsForty- three bacterial isolates, representing eleven genera of bacteria were cultured from 30 (81%) horses. Gram-positive bacteria were the dominant isolates (72%) (p < 0.001). The most commonly isolated Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus spp., while Moraxella spp. were the most frequently isolated Gram-negative bacteria. There was no significant influence of sex and age on the frequency and type of microbial isolates.
conclusionsCommensal flora is present in the conjunctival sac of healthy horses in Poland. Age does not affect the abundance and type of microbial isolates.
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