ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2018
The Complexities of Evaluating the Exposome in Psychiatry: A Data-Driven Illustration of Challenges and Some Propositions for Amendments.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk and Experiences of Childhood Adversity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Pooled it
- The Maudsley environmental risk score for psychosis.Psychological medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Exploring the roots of schizophrenia: Current research and future directions (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Sex differences in the effect of childhood adversity and coping strategies on psychosis expression: A TwinssCan study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- Combining the Risk: The Poly-Environmental Risk Score and Psychotic Symptoms in Adolescents.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- What are set and setting: Reducing vagueness to improve research and clinical practice.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- The Ethics of Set and Setting in Psychedelic Psychotherapy.Neuroethics · 2025Article
- Mapping the Exposome of Mental Health Outcomes to Enhance Population Salutogenesis.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- Mapping the exposome of mental health: exposome-wide association study of mental health outcomes among UK Biobank participants.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Whole-exome sequencing of individuals from an isolated population under extreme conditions implicates rare risk variants of schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Associations of Exposome Score with Various Domains of Psychopathology: A Network Analysis in a Non-Clinical Sample.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Stress, Environment and Early Psychosis.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- The Ethics of Risk Prediction for Psychosis and Suicide Attempt in Youth Mental Health.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Review
- Cumulative Environmental Risk in Early Life: Associations With Schizotypy in Childhood.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Alcohol use as a predictor of the course of major depressive disorder: a prospective population-based study.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2023Article
- First-Episode Psychosis Patients Who Deteriorated in the Premorbid Period Do Not Have Higher Polygenic Risk Scores Than Others: A Cluster Analysis of EU-GEI Data.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review of Etiopathogenetic, Diagnostic and Treatment Aspects.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Estimating the Association Between Exposome and Psychosis as Well as General Psychopathology: Results From the ABCD Study.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2022Article
- Exposome and Trans-syndromal Developmental Trajectories Toward Psychosis.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2022Review
- Association Between Discrimination Stress and Suicidality in Preadolescent Children.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Identifying modifiable factors through environmental research may improve mental health outcomes. However, several challenges need to be addressed to optimize the chances of success. By analyzing the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 data, we provide a data-driven illustration of how closely connected the exposures and the mental health outcomes are and how model and variable specifications produce "vibration of effects" (variation of results under multiple different model specifications). Interdependence of exposures is the rule rather than the exception. Therefore, exposure-wide systematic approaches are needed to separate genuine strong signals from selective reporting and dissect sources of heterogeneity. Pre-registration of protocols and analytical plans is still uncommon in environmental research. Different studies often present very different models, including different variables, despite examining the same outcome, even if consistent sets of variables and definitions are available. For datasets that are already collected (and often already analyzed), the exploratory nature of the work should be disclosed. Exploratory analysis should be separated from prospective confirmatory research with truly pre-specified analysis plans. In the era of big-data, where very low P values for trivial effects are detected, several safeguards may be considered to improve inferences, eg, lowering P-value thresholds, prioritizing effect sizes over significance, analyzing pre-specified falsification endpoints, and embracing alternative approaches like false discovery rates and Bayesian methods. Any claims for causality should be cautious and preferably avoided, until intervention effects have been validated. We hope the propositions for amendments presented here may help with meeting these pressing challenges.
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