ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2019
Ocular Syphilis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection Among Syphilis Patients in North Carolina, 2014-2016.
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic effect of HIV on visual acuity in ocular syphilis: a systematic review.Eye (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical manifestations and treatment prognosis of patients with co-infection of ocular syphilis and HIV.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Concurrent hepatitis and anterior uveitis in an immunocompetent patient with secondary syphilis: A case report.Medicine · 2025Article
- Influence of gender on clinical presentation, management practices and outcomes of ocular syphilis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Southern African HIV Clinicians Society Guideline for the clinical management of syphilis.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOcular syphilis (OS) has been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection previously. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of syphilis patients with and without HIV to identify risk factors for developing OS.
methodsWe reviewed all syphilis cases (early and late) reported to the North Carolina Division of Public Health during 2014 to 2016 and categorized HIV status (positive, negative, unknown) and OS status based on report of ocular symptoms with no other defined etiology. We estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for OS by HIV status. Among syphilis patients with HIV, we compared viral loads and CD4 cell counts by OS status. We compared symptom resolution by HIV status for a subset of OS patients.
resultsAmong 7123 confirmed syphilis cases, 2846 (39.9%) were living with HIV, 109 (1.5%) had OS, and 59 (0.8%) had both. Ocular syphilis was more prevalent in syphilis patients with HIV compared to HIV-negative/unknown-status patients (PR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6). Compared with other patients with HIV, the prevalence of OS was higher in patients with viral loads greater than 200 copies/mL (1.7; 1.0-2.8) and in patients with a CD4 count of 200 cells/mL or less (PR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3-4.2). Among 11 patients with severe OS, 9 (81.8%) were HIV-positive. Among 39 interviewed OS patients, OS symptom resolution was similar for HIV-positive (70.0%) and HIV-negative/unknown-status (68.4%) patients.
conclusionsSyphilis patients with HIV were nearly twice as likely to report OS symptoms as were patients without documented HIV. Human immunodeficiency virus-related immunodeficiency possibly increases the risk of OS development in co-infected patients.
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