ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2019
Violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes in Mexico.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of implementing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes as national laws: a systematic review.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Pooled it
- Implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in Mexico: a systematic literature review using the RE-AIM framework.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Violations of the breast milk substitutes act-2013 and its rules - 2017 in Bangladesh.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- The Corporate Political Activity of the infant commercial milk formula industry in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Formative Research for the Development and Implementation of a Smartphone Application to Report Breaches to the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes in Mexico.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Digital Marketing Claims and Their Association With the Perceptions of Parents of Children Under 2 Years Old of Commercial Milk Formulas in Mexico.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Assessing Compliance: Violations of WHO Code in Breast Milk Substitute Marketing, Ecuador.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Commercial milk formula marketing entry points: setting the course of infant and young child feeding trajectories.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Commercial milk formula marketing following increased restrictions in Singapore: A qualitative study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Digital marketing of commercial breastmilk substitutes and baby foods: strategies, and recommendations for its regulation in Mexico.Globalization and health · 2023Article
- Healthcare professionals and commercial milk formula recommendations in the urban Mexican context.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: a multi-country analysis.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Digital marketing of formula and baby food negatively influences breast feeding and complementary feeding: a cross-sectional study and video recording of parental exposure in Mexico.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Influence of skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding: results of the Mexican National Survey of Demographic Dynamics, 2018.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
- Breastfeeding and Infant Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Parents.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Infant Feeding Practices That Substitute Exclusive Breastfeeding in a Semi-Rural Mexican Community: Types, Moments, and Associated Factors.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Countries' experiences scaling up national breastfeeding, protection, promotion and support programmes: Comparative case studies analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Follow-up and growing-up formula promotion among Mexican pregnant women and mothers of children under 18 months old.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Violations of International Code of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) in commercial settings and media in Bangladesh.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Comprehensiveness of infant formula and bottle feeding resources: A review of information from Australian healthcare organisations.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This study estimated the prevalence of violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) and subsequent resolutions of the World Health Assembly (Code) at health facilities, points of sale (POS), and on BMS labelling and media in Mexico. We carried out a cross-sectional survey among 693 mothers with children aged less than 24 months and 48 health providers at public and private health facilities in two states of Mexico. Observational assessment at 20 POS and the health facilities was conducted as well as an analysis of labels on BMS products for sale. Women attending public and private health facilities reported receiving free BMS samples in the previous 6 months (11.1%), and about 80% reported seeing BMS promotion in the mass media. Health providers reported contact with BMS manufacturer representatives in the previous 6 months (15.5%), and only 41.6% of the health providers had knowledge of the Code. BMS promotions were identified at nearly all POS. Analysis of 190 BMS labels showed that 30% included pictures/text idealizing the use of BMS, and all labels incorporated health and nutrition claims. Violations of the Code are prevalent within the health services, POS, and labelling of BMS products. The high percentage of health providers with no knowledge of the Code calls for action at national level to better disseminate and comply with the Code. A transparent, free from commercial influence, and continual monitoring system for Code compliance is needed, including a follow-up component on sanctions for contraventions of the Code.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.