ArticleGenome biology and evolution2018
The Structure of a Conserved Telomeric Region Associated with Variant Antigen Loci in the Blood Parasite Trypanosoma congolense.
Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- De Novo Assembly of the Trypanosoma congolense Genome Reveals an Organization Influenced by Antigenic Variation but Distinct from Trypanosoma brucei.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Leishmania mexicana telomeres at high resolution: Ku80, TERT, and alternative lengthening mechanisms.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Bioengineered 3D microvessels and complementary animal models reveal mechanisms of Trypanosoma congolense sequestration.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Conserved Domains in Variable Surface Lipoproteins A-G ofVeterinary sciences · 2023Article
- A major locus confers triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica and shows dominant inheritance.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Transcriptomic profiling of Trypanosoma congolense mouthpart parasites from naturally infected flies.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Genomics of Trypanosomatidae: Where We Stand and What Needs to Be Done?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Divergent metabolism between Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei results in differential sensitivity to metabolic inhibition.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Reliable, scalable functional genetics in bloodstream-form Trypanosoma congolense in vitro and in vivo.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- The Absence of C-5 DNA Methylation inMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- VAPPER: High-throughput variant antigen profiling in African trypanosomes of livestock.GigaScience · 2019Article
- African trypanosomes.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Application of long read sequencing to determine expressed antigen diversity in Trypanosoma brucei infections.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Evolution of Antigenic Variation in African Trypanosomes: Variant Surface Glycoprotein Expression, Structure, and Function.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
African trypanosomiasis is a vector-borne disease of humans and livestock caused by African trypanosomes (Trypanosoma spp.). Survival in the vertebrate bloodstream depends on antigenic variation of Variant Surface Glycoproteins (VSGs) coating the parasite surface. In T. brucei, a model for antigenic variation, monoallelic VSG expression originates from dedicated VSG expression sites (VES). Trypanosoma brucei VES have a conserved structure consisting of a telomeric VSG locus downstream of unique, repeat sequences, and an independent promoter. Additional protein-coding sequences, known as "Expression Site Associated Genes (ESAGs)", are also often present and are implicated in diverse, bloodstream-stage functions. Trypanosoma congolense is a related veterinary pathogen, also displaying VSG-mediated antigenic variation. A T. congolense VES has not been described, making it unclear if regulation of VSG expression is conserved between species. Here, we describe a conserved telomeric region associated with VSG loci from long-read DNA sequencing of two T. congolense strains, which consists of a distal repeat, conserved noncoding elements and other genes besides the VSG; although these are not orthologous to T. brucei ESAGs. Most conserved telomeric regions are associated with accessory minichromosomes, but the same structure may also be associated with megabase chromosomes. We propose that this region represents the T. congolense VES, and through comparison with T. brucei, we discuss the parallel evolution of antigenic switching mechanisms, and unique adaptation of the T. brucei VES for developmental regulation of bloodstream-stage genes. Hence, we provide a basis for understanding antigenic switching in T. congolense and the origins of the African trypanosome VES.
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