ArticleNucleic acids research2018
A model for the evolution of prokaryotic DNA restriction-modification systems based upon the structural malleability of Type I restriction-modification enzymes.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial immune systems.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Epigenetic regulation in prokaryotes: transcriptional and phenotypic outcomes of DNA methyltransferase activity.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Epigenetic regulation and antimicrobial resistance: functional roles of DNA methylation.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Targeting Horizontal Gene Transfer to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review of Mechanisms, Drivers, and Multi-Omics Strategies.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- From CRISPR-Cas to Argonautes: Defense systems of bacteria and archaea in the hydrothermal deep subsurface.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Bacterial restriction-modification systems: mechanisms of defense against phage infection.Biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Horizontal acquisition of the Type I restriction-modification system enhances bacterial pathogenicity by mediating methylation of transcription factor-encoding genes.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Structure-specific nucleases in genome dynamics and strategies for targeting cancers.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2024Review
- Acquisition of Type I methyltransferase via horizontal gene transfer increases the drug resistance ofMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Characterization of a Conjugative Multidrug Resistance IncP-2 Megaplasmid, pPAG5, from a Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolate.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Improving Mobilization of Foreign DNA into Zymomonas mobilis Strain ZM4 by Removal of Multiple Restriction Systems.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Restriction Modification (RM) systems prevent the invasion of foreign genetic material into bacterial cells by restriction and protect the host's genetic material by methylation. They are therefore important in maintaining the integrity of the host genome. RM systems are currently classified into four types (I to IV) on the basis of differences in composition, target recognition, cofactors and the manner in which they cleave DNA. Comparing the structures of the different types, similarities can be observed suggesting an evolutionary link between these different types. This work describes the 'deconstruction' of a large Type I RM enzyme into forms structurally similar to smaller Type II RM enzymes in an effort to elucidate the pathway taken by Nature to form these different RM enzymes. Based upon the ability to engineer new enzymes from the Type I 'scaffold', an evolutionary pathway and the evolutionary pressures required to move along the pathway from Type I RM systems to Type II RM systems are proposed. Experiments to test the evolutionary model are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.