Trial reportActa ophthalmologica2019
Longitudinal bleb morphology in anterior segment OCT after minimally invasive transscleral ab interno Glaucoma Gel Microstent implantation.
Trial report in Acta ophthalmologica, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Bleb characteristics following minimally invasive bleb surgeries in relation to surgical success using the anterior segment optical coherence tomography - a systematic review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Pooled it
- Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography After Bleb Forming Glaucoma Surgeries: A Systematic Review.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Complications and post-operative interventions in XEN45 gel stent implantation in the treatment of open angle glaucoma-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Inferior exten filtering bleb formation after laser goniopuncture in a patient with conjunctivochalasis.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2026Article
- Update on XEN Gel Stent: A Narrative Review on Indications, Surgical Technique, and Postoperative Management.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Longitudinal analysis of XEN45 gel stent bleb morphology using bleb grading scales, anterior segment-OCT, in vivo confocal microscopy, and impression cytology.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Anterior Segment OCT Imaging of Bleb Morphological Changes as Predictors of Success After Bleb Needling.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Surgical Outcomes of XEN45 Gel Stent Using Ab Interno Technique in Open-Angle Glaucoma: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Discriminatory power of trabeculectomy bleb internal reflectivity and morphology in surgical success using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- XEN45 Implant in Medically Controlled vs. Uncontrolled Eyes-Differential IOP Changes in Real-Life Conditions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- VEGF-C and 5-Fluorouracil Improve Bleb Survival in a Rabbit Glaucoma Surgery Trabeculectomy Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Comparison of Bleb Morphology following PRESERFLODiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Bleb Morphology on Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography after XEN Gel Stent Implantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Swept-Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging and Quantification of Bleb Parameters in Glaucoma Filtration Surgery.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- One-Year Outcomes of Ab Externo XEN45 Gel Stent Implantation with an Open Conjunctiva Approach in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2023Article
- A Comparative Analysis of Morphology and Dimensions of Functional Blebs following PRESERFLO-Microshunt and XEN-Gel-Stent, a Study Using Anterior Segment OCT.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- [Bleb morphology using optical coherence tomography : After primary implantation of XEN gel stent and open conjunctival revision].Die Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Intraocular Pressure and Medication Changes Associated with Xen Gel Stent: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- Subconjunctival Lymphatics Respond to VEGFC and Anti-Metabolites in Rabbit and Mouse Eyes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeLike the classic trabeculectomy, the minimally invasive, ab interno XEN Glaucoma Gel Microstent (XEN-GGM) creates a filtration bleb in the conjunctiva. The goal of this study was to investigate internal bleb morphology over time with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) after XEN-GGM implantation.
methodsIn a prospective, single-centre, single-armed cohort study, blebs were characterized using AS-OCT in 78 eyes of 60 patients at day 1, at weeks 1 and 2 and at months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 after XEN-GGM implantation in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Morphological bleb characteristics were correlated with IOP and surgical success.
resultsAnterior segment optical coherence tomography data indicate early and late bleb changes in the course of 12 months. Uniform blebs in AS-OCTs showed higher IOPs at all examinations between week 1 (17.7 ± 4.8 mmHg versus 11.3 ± 7.1 mmHg, p = 0.001) and month 3 (16.4 ± 6.1 versus 13.4 ± 6.1, p = 0.04). Subconjunctival tissue separation bleb morphology was associated with lower mean IOPs during the course of 12 months (r = -0.75, p = 0.031). Predictors for surgical failure at month 12 were microcystic multiform bleb morphology in AS-OCT at month 3 (60% versus 15%, relative risk 4.0, p = 0.043) and uniform bleb morphology at month 9 (33% versus 23%, relative risk 1.4, p = 0.015).
conclusionBleb appearance after XEN surgery seems to be different to classic trabeculectomy literature. The present data suggest correlation of IOP and surgical long-term success with bleb morphology in AS-OCT. Prevalence of small diffuse cysts is directly associated with lower IOPs, while cystic encapsulation at 3 months predicts higher surgical failure.
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