ArticleDaru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences2018
Occurrence of bacterial and toxic metals contamination in illegal opioid-like drugs in Iran: a significant health challenge in drug abusers.
Article in Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Blood Lead Level in Opium Addicts: an Emerging Health Threat.Biological trace element research · 2021Pooled it
- Detrimental effect of metal contaminants on forensic DNA analysis and strategies for mitigation.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Review
- Interpretation of drug trafficking patterns and utility of forensic intelligence.Forensic sciences research · 2025Review
- Bacterial and fungal infections in persons who inject drugs.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Evaluating the association between opium abuse, blood lead levels, and the complexity of coronary artery disease.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Trace element levels: How Substance Use Disorder (SUD) contributes to the alteration of urinary essential and toxic element levels.PloS one · 2024Article
- Molecular Insights and Clinical Outcomes of Drugs of Abuse Adulteration: New Trends and New Psychoactive Substances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Invasive Burkholderia cepacia Complex Infections among Persons Who Inject Drugs, Hong Kong, China, 2016-2019.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Multivariate statistical evaluation of heavy metals in the urine of opium individuals in comparison with healthy people in Western Iran.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Contribution of Illicit Drug Use to Pharmaceutical Load in the Environment: A Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of environmental and public health · 2022Review
- Opium and Cigarette Smoking are Independently Associated with Bladder Cancer: The Findings of a Matched Case - Control Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
- Increased production of illegal alcoholic beverages during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hamadan, Iran.Forensic toxicology · 2021Article
- Adulteration of the Herbal Weight Loss Products by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Antiobesity Medications: A Pilot Study.Journal of obesity · 2021Article
- Antinociceptive activity ofResearch in pharmaceutical sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- A Behavioral Study of Promethazine Interaction with Analgesic Effect of Diclofenac: Pain Combination Therapy.Journal of pharmacopuncture · 2020Article
- Metal and bacterial contamination of illicit drugs.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe toxic metals and/or bacterial contaminants in illicit drugs are the main health problems in drug users worldwide. Hence, the potential risks of these contaminants were evaluated in some of the illicit drugs during 2015 and 2016.
methodsThe metals analysis were performed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In addition, all microbiological analysis stages, including handling procedures, dilution, and culture media, were conducted in accordance with the US Pharmacopeia (USP) which are harmonized with the European Pharmacopoeia (EP).
resultsIn the present study, the highest lead (Pb; 138.10 ± 75.01 μg/g) and chromium (Cr; 447.38 ± 20.27 μg/g) levels were detected in opium samples. In addition, the highest prevalence of microbial contamination was observed in opium samples, and the lowest was recorded in heroin samples. Clostridium tetani, with about 50% of contaminant, was the most common bacteria in the analyzed samples.
conclusionsOur results indicate that Pb exposure as well as bacterial contamination could be the major threats for drug users. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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