ArticleDaru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences2018
Psychotropic medication in children and adolescents in the United States in the year 2004 vs 2014.
Article in Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- The association of depressive symptoms in children with indoor and outdoor short-term exposure to particulate matter.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Structural stressors, neurocognition in reward-related decision making and substance use risk in Puerto Rican early adolescents at two sites: study design.Frontiers in public health · 2026Observational
- Global Trends in ADHD Medication Use: Multiple Contexts and Rising Concerns-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Examination of Psychotropic Medication Use Following Outpatient Behavioral Assessment and Treatment.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Advancing patient care: novel scales for assessing adherence and attitudes toward medication among adolescents with psychiatric disorders and their parents.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- A Review of Predictors of Psychosocial Service Utilization in Youth with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2022Review
- Psychiatric Comorbidities Are Highly Prevalent in Nonesophageal Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2022Article
- Long-term use of antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics in pediatric patients with a focus on appropriate deprescribing.The mental health clinician · 2021Article
- Trends in antipsychotic prescribing for approved and unapproved indications to Medicaid-enrolled youth in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania between 2014 and 2018.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Overdiagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Scoping Review.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Psychiatric Comorbidities and Psychiatric Medication Use Are Highly Prevalent in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Associate With Clinical Presentation.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2020Article
- The Use of Sleep Medication in Youth Residential Care.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Withdrawal effects confounding in clinical trials: another sign of a needed paradigm shift in psychopharmacology research.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is a global perception that psychotropic utilization in children and adolescents is increasing in the US.
methodsWe present prevalent estimates for all psychotropics prescribed in the US (using commercial claims from Medicare and Medicaid) to children and adolescents in 2004 (total population N = 6,808,453) and in 2014 (total population N = 11,082.260). Further we evaluated if there has been a statistically significant change in prevalence during this time period. Analyses were stratified for the 6 major drug classes, all individuals' psychotropics (87 drugs), age and sex.
resultsThe prevalence of psychotropic drug prescription was 8.55% in 2004 and 9.00% in 2014 (age stratified in 2004 and 2014 toddlers: 3.08 and 2.63%, children: 8.74 and 8.73%, adolescents: 10.89% and 12.11). The prevalence for each drug class in 2004 and 2014 was: stimulants/other ADHD drugs 5.0 and 5.8%; antidepressants 2.8 and 2.7%; anxiolytic-hypnotic-sedative 2.2 and 2.3%; mood stabilizers 0.1 and 0.1%; antipsychotics 1.3 and 1.1%; and for drugs treating drug dependence 0.02 and 0.02%.
conclusionsThe perception that psychotropic utilization in children and adolescents is increasing in the US, derived from the 2 to 3 fold increase seen from the mid 80's to the mid 90's is not valid anymore. There has been a slowdown in the increase of prescribing psychotropics. In the last 10 years, in toddlers there was a decrease in the prescription; in children there was no change; and in adolescents there was a slight increase. The prescription of antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers has decreased overall. Graphical abstract In the last 10 years there has been a slowdown in the increase of prescribing psychotropics. In toddlers there was a decrease in the prescription (3.08 and 2.63%); in children (8.74 and 8.73%) there was no change; and in adolescents there was a slight increase (10.89% and 12.11). The prescription of antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers has decreased overall.
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