Trial reportSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2018
On the Feasibility of Using an Ear-EEG to Develop an Endogenous Brain-Computer Interface.
Trial report in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deep Learning for Ear-EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interface: A Systematic Comparison and Design Insights.Biosensors · 2026Article
- The Next Frontier in Brain Monitoring: A Comprehensive Look at In-Ear EEG Electrodes and Their Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evaluation of a silicone-based flexible dry electrode for measuring human bioelectrical signals.Biomedical engineering letters · 2025Article
- EEG Dataset for the Recognition of Different Emotions Induced in Voice-User Interaction.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Real-Time Endogenous Brain-Computer Interface Developed Using Ear-Electroencephalography.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- EEG Headset Evaluation for Detection of Single-Trial Movement Intention for Brain-Computer Interfaces.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Effects of Different Re-referencing Methods on Spontaneously Generated Ear-EEG.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Brain-computer interface (BCI) studies based on electroencephalography (EEG) measured around the ears (ear-EEGs) have mostly used exogenous paradigms involving brain activity evoked by external stimuli. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of ear-EEGs for development of an endogenous BCI system that uses self-modulated brain activity. We performed preliminary and main experiments where EEGs were measured on the scalp and behind the ears to check the reliability of ear-EEGs as compared to scalp-EEGs. In the preliminary and main experiments, subjects performed eyes-open and eyes-closed tasks, and they performed mental arithmetic (MA) and light cognitive (LC) tasks, respectively. For data analysis, the brain area was divided into four regions of interest (ROIs) (i.e., frontal, central, occipital, and ear area). The preliminary experiment showed that the degree of alpha activity increase of the ear area with eyes closed is comparable to those of other ROIs (occipital > ear > central > frontal). In the main experiment, similar event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) patterns were observed between the four ROIs during MA and LC, and all ROIs showed the mean classification accuracies above 70% required for effective binary communication (MA vs. LC) (occipital = ear = central = frontal). From the results, we demonstrated that ear-EEG can be used to develop an endogenous BCI system based on cognitive tasks without external stimuli, which allows the usability of ear-EEGs to be extended.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.