ArticleBMJ open2018
Design of a treatment pathway for insomnia in prison settings in England: a modified Delphi study.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Promethazine is not a good option to aid sleep quality, especially for people using psychiatric services.BJPsych bulletin · 2025Review
- Sleep Health Behind Bars: A Global Scoping Review of Sleep in Carceral Settings.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- "What if that's your last sleep?" A qualitative exploration of the trauma of incarceration and sleep.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2024Article
- Treating insomnia in people who are incarcerated: a feasibility study of a multicomponent treatment pathway.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2024Article
- Reduced Sleep Amount and Increased Sleep Latency in Prisoners: A Pilot Study in an Italian Jail.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Sleep Quality and Psychological Status in a Group of Italian Prisoners.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveInsomnia is highly prevalent in prisoners and is a risk factor for poor mental well-being, depression, suicidality and aggression, all common concerns in this vulnerable population. Improving sleep management options in prison offers the potential to impact positively on a number of these common risk factors. The study aim was to design a treatment pathway for insomnia in prisons informed by stakeholders with professional or lived experience of insomnia and prison-based interventions.
designA modified Delphi technique, adapted to the stakeholder (either receiving controlled feedback online or face to face on a series of statements), was used over three rounds to gain consensus on a final treatment pathway design.
participantsAcademic sleep researchers, prison staff and prisoners were invited to develop the treatment pathway.
resultsFifteen stakeholders took part in round 1 and thirteen in round 2. There were six statements of contention that comprised concerns over the inclusion of sleep observations, sleep restriction therapy and promethazine. Consensus was high (>80%). Thirteen stakeholders agreed the final pathway in round 3. The final treatment pathway comprised a standardised stepped-care approach for insomnia in prison populations. The pathway resulted in five main stages: (1) transition from community; (2) detection and assessment; (3) treatment for short-term insomnia; (4) treatment for long-term insomnia and (5) transition from prison to community or another establishment.
conclusionsThe treatment pathway is designed to promote early detection of insomnia, potentially reducing unnecessary prescriptions and medication trading, misuse and diversion in the prison setting. It should make a substantial difference in reducing the large number of sleep complaints and positively impact on prisoners, staff and the prison environment. Specifically, improving sleep should have a positive impact on prisoners' mental and physical well-being and aid smooth running of the prison.
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