ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
High-resolution repertoire analysis reveals a major bystander activation of Tfh and Tfr cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatiotemporal single-cell profiling reveals T cell clonal dynamics and phenotypic plasticity in human graft-versus-host disease.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Unsupervised identification of low-frequency antigen-specific TCRs using distance-based anomaly scoring.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- replicateFest: An R Package and Shiny App for Analysis of T Cell Receptor Repertoire Data from the Functional Expansion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Granzyme B-expressing regulatory B cells share the same origin as conventional blood B cells.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Germinal-centre and extrafollicular B cell pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Stability and progressive differentiation of TNature immunology · 2026Article
- replicateFest: an R package and shiny app for analysis of T cell receptor repertoire data from the functional expansion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- B-cell peripheral tolerance: think dynamics beyond affinity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Neighborhood enrichment for the identification of antigen-specific T-cell receptors.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Enhancing comparative T cell receptor repertoire analysis in small biological samples through pooling homologous cell samples from multiple mice.Cell reports methods · 2024Article
- B cell-reactive triad of B cells, follicular helper and regulatory T cells at homeostasis.Cell research · 2024Article
- Local Enrichment with Convergence of Enriched T-Cell Clones Are Hallmarks of Effective Peptide Vaccination against B16 Melanoma.Vaccines · 2024Article
- T cell help shapes B cell tolerance.Science immunology · 2024Article
- Detecting T-cell clonal expansions and quantifying clone survival using deep profiling of immune repertoires.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Aberrant adaptive immune response underlies genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Single-cell immune repertoire sequencing of B and T cells in murine models of infection and autoimmunity.Genes and immunity · 2022Article
- Targeting TNature immunology · 2022Review
- Development of allergen-specific IgE in a food-allergy model requires precisely timed B cell stimulation and is inhibited by Fgl2.Cell reports · 2022Article
- T cell help in the autoreactive germinal center.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2022Review
- Machine Learning Approaches to TCR Repertoire Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) and regulatory (Tfr) cells are terminally differentiated cells found in germinal centers (GCs), specialized secondary lymphoid organ structures dedicated to antibody production. As such, follicular T (Tfol) cells are supposed to be specific for immunizing antigens, which has been reported for Tfh cells but is debated for Tfr cells. Here, we used high-throughput T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to analyze the repertoires of Tfh and Tfr cells, at homeostasis and after immunization with self- or foreign antigens. We observed that, whatever the conditions, Tfh and Tfr cell repertoires are less diverse than those of effector T cells and Treg cells of the same tissues; surprisingly, these repertoires still represent thousands of different sequences, even after immunization with a single antigen that induces a 10-fold increase in Tfol cell numbers. Thorough analysis of the sharing and network of TCR sequences revealed that a specific response to the immunizing antigen can only, but hardly, be detected in Tfh cells immunized with a foreign antigen and Tfr cells immunized with a self-antigen. These antigen-specific responses are obscured by a global stimulation of Tfh and Tfr cells that appears to be antigen-independent. Altogether, our results suggest a major bystander Tfol cell activation during the immune response in the GCs.
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