Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30158159›Full record

SynthesisNeurology2018

Cognitive function after spinal cord injury: A systematic review.

Rahul Sachdeva, Feng Gao, Chetwyn C H Chan, Andrei V Krassioukov

Open access · bronzeAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
97citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
8.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

97 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.

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  19. Beyond the surface: understanding psychiatric disorders in individuals with spinal cord injury- a narrative exploration.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025
    Review
  20. Review

37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rahul SachdevaFrom the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (R.S., A.V.K.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (R.S., A.V.K.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction (F.G.), China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (F.G.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (C.C.H.C.), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Feng GaoFrom the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (R.S., A.V.K.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (R.S., A.V.K.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction (F.G.), China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (F.G.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (C.C.H.C.), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Chetwyn C H ChanFrom the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (R.S., A.V.K.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (R.S., A.V.K.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction (F.G.), China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (F.G.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (C.C.H.C.), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Andrei V KrassioukovFrom the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (R.S., A.V.K.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (R.S., A.V.K.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction (F.G.), China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (F.G.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (C.C.H.C.), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. andrei.krassioukov@vch.ca.
Capital Medical University · CNChina Rehabilitation Research Center · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo systematically examine the incidence of cognitive impairment in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), as well as identify potential contributing and confounding factors.

methodsStudies quantitatively reporting cognitive ability after spinal cord injury were searched electronically via Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO. Manual screening for references within articles was also performed. A total of 2,481 studies were screened and a total of 70 were included in this review, 21 reporting cognitive function after SCI compared to an able-bodied control group and 49 with no able-bodied controls. Studies were analyzed for the incidence of impairment and the interactions with concomitant traumatic brain injury, psychological or somatic complaints, decentralized cardiovascular control, sleep apnea, neurologic level of injury, and age.

resultsThere is a high volume of evidence reporting substantial cognitive impairment in individuals with SCI. Potential co-contributors include concomitant brain injury, psychological or somatic comorbidities, decentralized cardiovascular control, and sleep apnea. Cognitive functioning was negatively correlated with age. No clear agreement was found for the incidence of cognitive impairment or its association with level of injury.

conclusionCurrent evidence suggests that individuals with SCI should be examined and addressed for cognitive impairment. Future studies aimed at identifying potential secondary causative factors should employ stringent controls for co-occurring brain trauma since it appears to be a major contributor and confounder to impaired cognition.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionHumansIncidenceSpinal Cord Injuries

Identifiers

PMID30158159
PMCPMC6161545
OpenAlexW2889267113

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.