ArticleBMC veterinary research2018
Changes in alpha-amylase activity, concentration and isoforms in pigs after an experimental acute stress model: an exploratory study.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salivary stress biomarkers are increased, independently of maternal welfare status, in lactating Iberian piglets with lower postnatal growth.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Potential new biomarkers in pig saliva for differentiating between the effects of different conditions of mixing and density at pre-slaughter: A preliminary proteomicstudy.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2026Article
- Changes in saliva and serum analytes in domestic pigs and wild boar experimentally infected with African swine fever virus.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Effect of age and disease on saliva and serum biomarkers of stress, inflammation, immunity, redox and general health status in pigs.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessing salivary cortisol and testosterone as non-invasive biomarkers for GnRH-immunocastration efficiency in heavy pigs.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Effects of Precision Feeding on Economic and Productive Yields of Hyperprolific Lactating Sows Allocated at Different Farrowing Pens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Noninvasive Detection of Alpha-Amylase in Saliva Using Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes: A Promising Biomarker for Clinical Oral Diagnostics.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Stress Biomarkers in Pigs: Current Insights and Clinical Application.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Non-invasive methods for analysing pig welfare biomarkers.Veterinarni medicina · 2024Review
- Dietary fiber and weaning age affect stress and immune markers in saliva of sows and their offspring.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- Changes in a Comprehensive Profile of Saliva Analytes in Fattening Pigs during a Complete Productive Cycle: A Longitudinal Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Basics for the potential use of saliva to evaluate stress, inflammation, immune system, and redox homeostasis in pigs.BMC veterinary research · 2022Review
- The Markers of Stress in Swine Oral Fluid.Journal of veterinary research · 2021Article
- Salivary Protein Profile and Food Intake: A Dietary Pattern Analysis.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2021Article
- Welfare Benefits of Intradermal Vaccination of Piglets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Variation of human salivary alpha-amylase proteoforms in three stimulation models.Clinical oral investigations · 2020Article
- Where Do We Stand in the Domestic Dog (Frontiers in psychology · 2020Review
- Changes in Saliva Analytes Correlate with Horses' Behavioural Reactions to An Acute Stressor: A Pilot Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2019Article
- An Appraisal of Methods for Measuring Welfare of Grazing Ruminants.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2019Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSalivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is considered a non-invasive biomarker of acute stress that can be evaluated by changes in activity and concentration, and also by changes in its isoforms, although this last way of evaluation has never been used in veterinary medicine. This research evaluated the changes of sAA by three different ways in which sAA can be evaluated in an experimental acute stress model in six pigs based in a technique of temporarily restraining. These ways of evaluation were 1) activity by a spectrophotometric assay, 2) concentration by a fluorometric assay, and 3) isoforms of the enzyme by a Western blot.
resultsAlthough salivary cortisol significantly increased due to the stimulus of stress and all the pigs manifested signs of stress by high-pitched vocalization, sAA activity showed an increase of different degree in the six pigs after the stress stimulus, while sAA concentration showed decreases in four of the six pigs. sAA activity did not correlate with sAA concentration or salivary cortisol, and a low correlation was observed between sAA concentration and salivary cortisol (r = 0.48, p = 0.003). The inter-individual variability was higher in sAA activity than in sAA concentration and salivary cortisol. Finally, three possible isoforms of sAA at 154-160 kDa, 65-66 kDa and 59-60 kDa were observed that showed different dynamics after the stress induction.
conclusionsAlthough this pilot study's results should be taken with caution due to the low sample size, it reveals a different behavior between sAA activity and concentration in pig after an acute stressful stimulus leading to evident external signs of stress by high-pitched vocalization, and opens a new field for the evaluation of possible selected isoforms of sAA as potential biomarkers of stress.
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