ArticleBMC infectious diseases2018
High expression of HMGB1 in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Refractory Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Laboratory Features and Predictors.Journal of immunology research · 2022Pooled it
- Analysis of the Nursing Effect of Respiratory Critical Illness Based on Refined Nursing Management.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Trial
- Study on the correlation between respiratory microbiome alterations and disease location/severity in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Immune Dysregulation and Cytokine Profiling in AcuteMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and cytokine profiles for early prediction of severeFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Levels of Toll-Like Receptor 2, Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88 and Mucin 5AC, Oligomeric Mucus/Gel-Forming in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for Predicting SevereInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Research progress on the mechanisms of mucus retention after mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Correlation analysis between clinical characteristics of adult patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and 23S rRNA A2063 gene in alveolar lavage fluid.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine profile and clinical features as risk predictors of plastic bronchitis in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Predicting and interpreting key features of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia using multiple machine learning methods.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lipidomics changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: LC-MS-based analysis of potential biomarkers and pathogenesis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Mycoplasma Pneumoniae bronchiolitis and hypoxemia: A retrospective cohort study on risk and prognosis.PloS one · 2025Article
- The predictive values of C-reactive protein-neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio for the risk of refractoryEpidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Quantitative radiomics analysis of imaging features in adults and children Mycoplasma pneumonia.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics and predictive indictors of macrolide-unresponsiveFrontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Total Flavonoids fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Predictive value of chemokines (CCL 2) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in children.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Extracellular Vesicles Released from Macrophages Infected withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Infectious and Inflammatory Pathways to Cough.Annual review of physiology · 2023Review
- Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Children: The Role of High Mobility Group Box-1.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncreasing numbers of refractory or severe, even fatal, cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections have been reported in recent years. Excessive inflammatory responses play a vital role in the pathogenesis of refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). HMGB1 is an actively secreted cytokine produced by macrophages and other inflammatory cells that participates in various infectious diseases. The present study aimed to explore the role and clinical significance of HMGB1 in children with RMPP and the potential mechanism of HMGB1 expression.
methodsFour hundred and fifty-two children diagnosed with M. pneumoniae pneumonia, including 108 children with RMPP, were enrolled from January 2013 to December 2015 at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University. HMGB1, TNF-α, and IL-6 in peripheral blood from RMPP and non-RMPP (NRMPP) cases were detected by real-time PCR and ELISA. Lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) were extracted from live M. pneumoniae and prepared at different concentrations for stimulation of THP-1 cells. After coculture with LAMPs, HMGB1, TNF-α, IL-6, RAGE, TLR2, and TLR4 in THP-1 cells were detected by real-time PCR.
resultsOccurrences of cough, fever, and abnormal lung signs were more frequent in RMPP cases compared with NRMPP cases (all p < 0.05). Children with RMPP had longer hospital stays than children with NRMPP (p < 0.05). Different distributions of lymphocytes were noted between RMPP and NRMPP cases. HMGB1, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in RMPP cases compared with NRMPP cases (all p < 0.05). HMGB1 had good diagnostic ability to differentiate RMPP with AUC of 0.876, sensitivity of 0.833, and specificity of 0.824 compared with TNF-α and IL-6. HMGB1 expression in THP-1 cells was increased by stimulation with 10 μg/ml LAMPs. TLR2 expression was increased after stimulation with 6 μg/ml LAMPs. HMGB1 level was positively associated with TNF-α, IL-6, and TLR2 levels.
conclusionsHMGB1 is a good diagnostic biomarker for differentiating RMPP and NRMPP. LAMPs from M. pneumoniae may induce HMGB1 expression in immune cells through the TLR2 pathway. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed for the development of a new treatment strategy to inhibit the HMGB1 pathway, thereby preventing the inflammation in RMPP.
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