ArticleRNA biology2019
Bioinformatic evidence of widespread priming in type I and II CRISPR-Cas systems.
Article in RNA biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- CRISPR adaptation inmSphere · 2025Article
- And… cut! - how conformational regulation of CRISPR-Cas effectors directs nuclease activity.The Biochemical journal · 2025Review
- Cas9 interaction with the tracrRNA nexus modulates the repression of type II-A CRISPR-cas genes.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Dynamics of CRISPR-mediated virus-host interactions in the human gut microbiome.The ISME journal · 2024Article
- Structure reveals why genome folding is necessary for site-specific integration of foreign DNA into CRISPR arrays.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2023Article
- Rarely acquired type II-A CRISPR-Cas spacers mediate anti-viral immunity through the targeting of a non-canonical PAM sequence.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- The association of prokaryotic antiviral systems and symbiotic phage communities in drinking water microbiomes.ISME communications · 2023Article
- Molecular Details of DNA Integration by CRISPR-Associated Proteins During Adaptation in Bacteria and Archaea.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- Phage Encounters Recorded in CRISPR Arrays in the GenusViruses · 2022Article
- Structural biology of CRISPR-Cas immunity and genome editing enzymes.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Diversity and dynamics of the CRISPR-Cas systems associated with Bacteroides fragilis in human population.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Adaptation by Type V-A and V-B CRISPR-Cas Systems Demonstrates Conserved Protospacer Selection Mechanisms Between Diverse CRISPR-Cas Types.The CRISPR journal · 2022Article
- CRISPR-Cas systems are widespread accessory elements across bacterial and archaeal plasmids.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Single cell variability of CRISPR-Cas interference and adaptation.Molecular systems biology · 2022Article
- PAM-repeat associations and spacer selection preferences in single and co-occurring CRISPR-Cas systems.Genome biology · 2021Article
- Prespacers formed during primed adaptation associate with the Cas1-Cas2 adaptation complex and the Cas3 interference nuclease-helicase.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Article
- Cooperation between Different CRISPR-Cas Types Enables Adaptation in an RNA-Targeting System.mBio · 2021Article
- The Rcs stress response inversely controls surface and CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity to discriminate plasmids and phages.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- Characterization of 67 Confirmed Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Loci in 52 Strains ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems provide bacteria and archaea with adaptive immunity against invading genetic elements, such as plasmids, bacteriophages and archaeal viruses. They consist of cas genes and CRISPR loci, which store genetic memories of previously encountered invaders as short sequences termed spacers. Spacers determine the specificity of CRISPR-Cas defence and immunity can be gained or updated by the addition of new spacers into CRISPR loci. There are two main routes to spacer acquisition, which are known as naïve and primed CRISPR adaptation. Naïve CRISPR adaptation involves the de novo formation of immunity, independent of pre-existing spacers. In contrast, primed CRISPR adaptation (priming) uses existing spacers to enhance the acquisition of new spacers. Priming typically results in spacer acquisition from locations near the site of target recognition by the existing (priming) spacer. Primed CRISPR adaptation has been observed in several type I CRISPR-Cas systems and it is potentially widespread. However, experimental evidence is unavailable for some subtypes, and for most systems, priming has only been shown in a small number of hosts. There is also no current evidence of priming by other CRISPR-Cas types. Here, we used a bioinformatic approach to search for evidence of priming in diverse CRISPR-Cas systems. By analysing the clustering of spacers acquired from phages, prophages and archaeal viruses, including strand and directional biases between subsequently acquired spacers, we demonstrate that two patterns of primed CRISPR adaptation dominate in type I systems. In addition, we find evidence of a priming-like pathway in type II CRISPR-Cas systems.
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