Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30157175›Full record

ArticlePLoS biology2018

BRAF and AXL oncogenes drive RIPK3 expression loss in cancer.

Ayaz Najafov, Ioannis K Zervantonakis, Adnan K Mookhtiar, Patricia Greninger, Ryan J March, Regina K Egan, Hoang Son Luu, Daniel G Stover, Ursula A Matulonis, Cyril H Benes and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Mechanisms, regulation and clinical relevance of necroptosis.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026
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  16. Targeting AXL Inhibits the Growth and Metastasis of Prostate Cancer in Bone.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025
    Article
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6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Ayaz NajafovDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Ioannis K ZervantonakisDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Adnan K MookhtiarDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Patricia GreningerMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Ryan J MarchMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Regina K EganMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Hoang Son LuuDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Daniel G StoverDivision of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
Ursula A MatulonisGynecologic Oncology Program, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Cyril H BenesMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Junying YuanDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-2405-6036
Harvard University · USMassachusetts General Hospital · USDana-Farber Cancer Institute · USThe Ohio State University · US

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 102696
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Necroptosis is a lytic programmed cell death mediated by the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL pathway. The loss of Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) expression and necroptotic potential have been previously reported in several cancer cell lines; however, the extent of this loss across cancer types, as well as its mutational drivers, were unknown. Here, we show that RIPK3 expression loss occurs progressively during tumor growth both in patient tumor biopsies and tumor xenograft models. Using a cell-based necroptosis sensitivity screen of 941 cancer cell lines, we find that escape from necroptosis is prevalent across cancer types, with an incidence rate of 83%. Genome-wide bioinformatics analysis of this differential necroptosis sensitivity data in the context of differential gene expression and mutation data across the cell lines identified various factors that correlate with resistance to necroptosis and loss of RIPK3 expression, including oncogenes BRAF and AXL. Inhibition of these oncogenes can rescue the RIPK3 expression loss and regain of necroptosis sensitivity. This genome-wide analysis also identifies that the loss of RIPK3 expression is the primary factor correlating with escape from necroptosis. Thus, we conclude that necroptosis resistance of cancer cells is common and is oncogene driven, suggesting that escape from necroptosis could be a potential hallmark of cancer, similar to escape from apoptosis.

Indexed as

AnimalsApoptosisAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseCell Line, TumorGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansMiceNecrosisProtein KinasesProto-Oncogene ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafReceptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine KinasesReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseBRAF protein, humanProtein KinasesProto-Oncogene ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafReceptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine KinasesReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesRIPK1 protein, humanRIPK3 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID30157175
PMCPMC6114281
OpenAlexW2889050113

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.