ReviewNPJ precision oncology2018
Tobacco biomarkers and genetic/epigenetic analysis to investigate ethnic/racial differences in lung cancer risk among smokers.
Review in NPJ precision oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial disparities in intensity of smoke exposure and nicotine intake among low-dependence smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- The association of epigenetic age acceleration with internal smoking dose, risk of lung cancer, and all-cause mortality in cigarette smokers: the Multiethnic Cohort study.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Addressing algorithmic bias in lung cancer screening eligibility.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Preventable cancer cases and deaths attributable to tobacco smoking in Korea from 2015 to 2030.Epidemiology and health · 2025Article
- Healthcare disparities, screening, and molecular testing in the changing landscape of non-small cell lung cancer in the United States: a review.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2024Review
- Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure with Lung Cancer Risk in African American and White Cigarette Smokers in the Southern Community Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Epigenome-wide association study of total nicotine equivalents in multiethnic current smokers from three prospective cohorts.American journal of human genetics · 2024Article
- CYP2A6 Activity and Cigarette Consumption Interact in Smoking-Related Lung Cancer Susceptibility.Cancer research · 2024Article
- Methods for Using Race and Ethnicity in Prediction Models for Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Article
- Lack of racial and ethnic diversity in lung cancer cell lines contributes to lung cancer health disparities.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Quantitation of DNA Adducts Resulting from Acrolein Exposure and Lipid Peroxidation in Oral Cells of Cigarette Smokers from Three Racial/Ethnic Groups with Differing Risks for Lung Cancer.Chemical research in toxicology · 2022Article
- Methylation of FKBP5 is associated with accelerated DNA methylation ageing and cardiometabolic risk: replication in young-adult and middle-aged Black Americans.Epigenetics · 2022Article
- Syndrome of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Novel forms of prostate cancer chemoresistance to successful androgen deprivation therapy demand new approaches: Rationale for targeting BET proteins.The Prostate · 2022Review
- A prospective cohort study of physical activity in relation to lung cancer incidence among Black women.Cancer epidemiology · 2022Article
- Urinary Nicotine Metabolites and Self-Reported Tobacco Use Among Adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2014.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking: chemical mechanisms and cancer prevention.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2022Review
- Exposure to 1,3-Butadiene in the U.S. Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016.Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Multiethnic Cohort Study has demonstrated that African Americans and Native Hawaiians have a higher risk for lung cancer due to cigarette smoking than Whites while Latinos and Japanese Americans have a lower risk. These findings are consistent with other epidemiologic studies in the literature. In this review, we summarize tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarker studies and genetic analyses which partially explain these differences. As determined by measurement of total nicotine equivalents in urine, which account for about 85% of the nicotine dose, African Americans take up greater amounts of nicotine than Whites per cigarette while Japanese Americans take up less. There are corresponding differences in the uptake of tobacco smoke carcinogens such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 1,3-butadiene, and other toxic volatiles. The lower nicotine uptake of Japanese Americans is clearly linked to the preponderance of low activity forms of the primary nicotine metabolizing enzyme CYP2A6 in this ethnic group, leading to more unchanged nicotine in the body and thus lower smoking intensity. But the relatively high risk of Native Hawaiians and the low risk of Latino smokers for lung cancer are not explained by these factors. The possible role of epigenetics in modifying lung cancer risk among smokers is also discussed here. The results of these published studies may lead to a better understanding of susceptibility factors for lung cancer in cigarette smokers thus potentially identifying biomarkers that can detect those individuals at highest risk so that preventive approaches can be initiated at an early stage of the lung cancer development process.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.