ReviewBrain sciences2018
Sex Differences and the Influence of Sex Hormones on Cognition through Adulthood and the Aging Process.
Review in Brain sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- ADHD and Sex Hormones in Females: A Systematic Review.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Perimenopausal Physical Activity and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review.International journal of sports medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Nocturia in patients with cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review of the literature.BMC geriatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Association Between Sex Hormone Levels and Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical gastroenterologyPooled it
- Differences across males and females in cognitive aging and mortality risk: a trajectory-based approach.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Effect sizes for brain-based predictive models of cognition across the lifespan.Communications psychology · 2026Review
- Associations Among Natural Disaster Exposure, Childhood Adversity, and Cognitive Functioning in Older Americans in the Health and Retirement Study.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Sleep quality is associated with default mode and salience network connectivity differently across age and sex.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Article
- Unlocking Cognitive Potential: Investigating the Impact of a Single Short-Term Mindfulness Meditation Session on Working Memory in Medical Students.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Article
- Latent representations of early brain development: A multivariate normative model of brain structure and behaviour.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Soluble Fiber Intake Restores the Estrous Cycle and Sex Hormone Alterations in APP/PS1 Female Mice.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- β-caryophyllene, a CB2-selective phytocannabinoid, differentially modulates attention and inhibitory control in low- and high-performing young and aged mice.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Regression-based Norms for a Neuropsychological Screening Battery in the Filipino Population.Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology · 2026Article
- Targeting neuroplasticity in old brain: restoring synapse with cognitive strategies.Biogerontology · 2026Review
- Article
- The progression of sex differences in brain networks across the lifespan.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cancer survivors' attitudes toward service delivery formats for interventions targeting cognitive impairments: a survey study.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Neurometabolic and Neuroinflammatory Consequences of Obesity: Insights into Brain Vulnerability and Imaging-Based Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Endocrine-disrupting properties of heavy metal exposure contribute to the intergenerational effects on learning and memory.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Machine Learning-Powered fNIRS Detection of Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty via Prefrontal Cortex Activation.BME frontiers · 2026Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis that regulate reproductive function have multiple effects on the development, maintenance and function of the brain. Sex differences in cognitive functioning have been reported in both health and disease, which may be partly attributed to sex hormones. The aim of the current paper was to provide a theoretical review of how sex hormones influence cognitive functioning across the lifespan as well as provide an overview of the literature on sex differences and the role of sex hormones in cognitive decline, specifically in relation to Alzheimer's disease (AD). A summary of current hormone and sex-based interventions for enhancing cognitive functioning and/or reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease is also provided.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.