ArticleJournal of neurodevelopmental disorders2018
Improving social gaze behavior in fragile X syndrome using a behavioral skills training approach: a proof of concept study.
Article in Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02616796 (Effects of Social Gaze Training on Brain and Behavior in Fragile X Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Social Gaze Training on Brain and Behavior in Fragile X Syndrome
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Eye Tracking as a Treatment Monitoring Tool for Autism: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Pooled it
- Longitudinal Changes in Functional Neural Activation and Sensitization During Face Processing in Fragile X Syndrome.Biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- Differential Effects of a Behavioral Treatment Probe on Social Gaze Behavior in Fragile X Syndrome and Non-Syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Predictors, Parental Views, and Concordance Across Diagnostic Sources of Autism in Male Youth with Fragile X Syndrome: Clinical Best Estimate and Community Diagnoses.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2023Article
- Brief intensive social gaze training reorganizes functional brain connectivity in boys with fragile X syndrome.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- A Scoping Review of Behavioral Interventions for Promoting Social Gaze in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Developmental Disabilities.Research in autism spectrum disorders · 2023Article
- Examining Phenotypic Differences in Gaze Avoidance Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fragile X Syndrome.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2022Article
- Effects of X Chromosome Monosomy and Genomic Imprinting on Observational Markers of Social Anxiety in Prepubertal Girls with Turner Syndrome.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Observational
- Intervention Deploying an Autonomous Robot Promotes Eye Gaze Abilities of Autistic Children: Comparison With a Human-Based Intervention.Autism & developmental language impairmentsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndividuals diagnosed with fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common known inherited form of intellectual disability, commonly exhibit significant impairments in social gaze behavior during interactions with others. Although this behavior can restrict social development and limit educational opportunities, behavioral interventions designed to improve social gaze behavior have not been developed for this population. In this proof of concept (PoC) study, we examined whether administering a behavioral skills training package-discrete trial instruction (DTI) plus relaxation training-could increase social gaze duration in males with FXS.
methodsAs part of a larger clinical trial, 20 boys with FXS, aged 8 to 18 years, were randomized to receive DTI plus relaxation training administered at one of two prescribed doses over a 2-day period at our research center. Potential improvements in social gaze behavior were evaluated by direct observations conducted across trials during the training, and generalization effects were examined by administering a social challenge before and after the treatment. During the social challenge, social gaze behavior was recorded using an eye tracker and physiological arousal levels were simultaneously recorded by monitoring the child's heart rate.
resultsLevels of social gaze behavior increased significantly across blocks of training trials for six (60%) boys who received the high-dose behavioral treatment and for three (30%) boys who received the low-dose behavioral treatment. Boys who received the high-dose treatment also showed greater improvements in social gaze behavior during the social challenge compared to boys who received the low-dose treatment. There was no effect of the treatment on physiological arousal levels recorded on the heart rate monitor at either dose.
conclusionsThese results suggest that appropriate social gaze behavior can be successfully taught to boys with FXS using a standardized behavioral skills training approach. Future studies will need to evaluate whether younger children with FXS might benefit from this treatment, and/or whether more naturalistic forms of behavioral skills training might be beneficial, before social gaze avoidance becomes established in the child's repertoire.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02616796 . Registered 30 November 2015.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.