Trial reportPloS one2018
Long-term use of carvedilol in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Trial report in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Oral Beta Blocker Therapy and long-term Outcomes after Myocardial Infarction in Individuals with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Left Ventricular Function - a Meta-Analysis of Contemporary Randomized Controlled Trials.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Baseline Ejection Fraction as a Modifier of Beta-Blocker Therapeutic Effects in Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Non-Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- β-blocker and clinical outcomes in patients after myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Beta-blockers for secondary prevention following myocardial infarction in patients without reduced ejection fraction or heart failure: an updated meta-analysis.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Pooled it
- Association of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors with mortality across the spectrum of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Pooled it
- Is Carvedilol Effective in Preventing and Modulating Concentric Cardiac Remodelling? A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2025Pooled it
- Beta-Blocker Use after Discharge in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Contemporary Reperfusion Era.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Beta-blockers in patients without heart failure after myocardial infarction.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Beta-blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of beta blockers in acute and chronic coronary syndromes without reduced ejection fraction: a landmark analysis from the REBOOT trial.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2026Trial
- When randomization is not enough: divergent β-blocker trials and the illusion of universal causality.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2026Article
- Beta-blockers after myocardial infarction with preserved ejection fraction-reexamining established paradigms?Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- β-Blockers after myocardial infarction with preserved or mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: Fragility of contemporary evidence.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Beta-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction: an umbrella review.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Review
- The prognostic impact of beta blockers in ischemic heart failure: time for a paradigm shift?Heart failure reviews · 2026Review
- [Beta-blockers following myocardial infarction without heart failure: their role in the era of coronary reperfusion].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Long-term beta blocker prescribing after myocardial infarction in European primary care (PRACTITIONER).BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Beta-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction with preserved LVEF (≥50%): a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis with time-to-event reconstruction.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite its recommendation by the current guidelines, the role of long-term oral beta-blocker therapy has never been evaluated by randomized trials in uncomplicated ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients without heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction or ventricular arrhythmia who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS AND
resultsIn a multi-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial, STEMI patients with successful primary PCI within 24 hours from the onset and with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥40% were randomly assigned in a 1-to-1 fashion either to the carvedilol group or to the no beta-blocker group within 7 days after primary PCI. The primary endpoint is a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome. Between August 2010 and May 2014, 801 patients were randomly assigned to the carvedilol group (N = 399) or the no beta-blocker group (N = 402) at 67 centers in Japan. The carvedilol dose was up-titrated from 3.4±2.1 mg at baseline to 6.3±4.3 mg at 1-year. During median follow-up of 3.9 years with 96.4% follow-up, the cumulative 3-year incidences of both the primary endpoint and any coronary revascularization were not significantly different between the carvedilol and no beta-blocker groups (6.8% and 7.9%, P = 0.20, and 20.3% and 17.7%, P = 0.65, respectively). There also was no significant difference in LVEF at 1-year between the 2 groups (60.9±8.4% and 59.6±8.8%, P = 0.06).
conclusionLong-term carvedilol therapy added on the contemporary evidence-based medications did not seem beneficial in selected STEMI patients treated with primary PCI.
trial registrationCAPITAL-RCT (Carvedilol Post-Intervention Long-Term Administration in Large-scale Randomized Controlled Trial) ClinicalTrials.gov.number, NCT 01155635.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.