ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2018
Mass Azithromycin Distribution and Community Microbiome: A Cluster-Randomized Trial.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT02048007 (Evaluating Impact of Azithromycin Mass Drug Administrations on All-cause Mortality and Antibiotic Resistance), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluating Impact of Azithromycin Mass Drug Administrations on All-cause Mortality and Antibiotic Resistance: Morbidity Study
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota in children - a systematic review.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of antibiotics on gut microbiome composition and resistome in the first years of life in low- to middle-income countries: A systematic review.PLoS medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Secondary Effects from Mass Azithromycin Administration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Pooled it
- Mass azithromycin distribution and antibiotic resistance in the gut and nasopharynx: a cluster-randomized trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Gut Microbiome among Children with Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Azithromycin versus Amoxicillin.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Trial
- Biannual Administrations of Azithromycin and the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Malawian Children: A Nested Cohort Study Within a Randomized Controlled Trial.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- The Duration of Protection from Azithromycin Against Malaria, Acute Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, and Skin Infections When Given Alongside Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention: Secondary Analyses of Data from a Clinical Trial in Houndé, Burkina Faso, and Bougouni, Mali.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Rapid Reduction ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Trial
- Gut Resistome After Oral Antibiotics in Preschool Children in Burkina Faso: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Trial
- High-throughput sequencing of pooled samples to determine community-level microbiome diversity.Annals of epidemiology · 2019Trial
- Gut microbiome alteration in MORDOR I: a community-randomized trial of mass azithromycin distribution.Nature medicine · 2019Trial
- Antibiotic perturbations to the gut microbiome.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- A Scoping Review Evaluating the Current State of Gut Microbiota Research in Africa.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Effect of Administration of Azithromycin and/or Probiotic Bacteria on Bones of Estrogen-Deficient Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The impact of mass drug administration of antibiotics on the gut microbiota of target populations.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2022Review
- Impact of azithromycin mass drug administration on the antibiotic-resistant gut microbiome in children: a randomized, controlled trial.Gut pathogens · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial drug use in the first decade of life influences saliva microbiota diversity and composition.Microbiome · 2020Article
- Article
- The benefits and risks of mass antibiotic use for reducing child mortality.Nature medicine · 2019Article
- Unbiased Pathogen Detection and Host Gene Profiling for Conjunctivitis.Ophthalmology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrection.2023
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMass distributions of oral azithromycin have long been used to eliminate trachoma, and they are now being proposed to reduce childhood mortality. The observed benefit appears to be augmented with each additional treatment, suggesting a possible community-level effect. Here, we assess whether 2 biannual mass treatments of preschool children affect the community's gut microbiome at 6 months after the last distribution.
methodsIn this cluster-randomized controlled trial, children aged 1-60 months in the Dossa region of Niger were randomized at the village level to receive a single dose of azithromycin or placebo every 6 months. Fecal samples were collected 6 months after the second treatment for metagenomic deep sequencing. The prespecified primary outcome was the Euclidean PERMANOVA of the gut microbiome, or effectively the distance between the genus-level centroid at the community level, with the secondary outcome being the Simpson's α diversity.
resultsIn the azithromycin arm, the gut microbial structures were significantly different than in the placebo arm (Euclidean PERMANOVA,
conclusionsTwo mass azithromycin administrations, 6 months apart, in preschool children led to long-term alterations of the gut microbiome structure and community diversity. Here, long-term microbial alterations in the community did not imply disease but were associated with an improvement in childhood mortality. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT02048007.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.