ArticleScientific reports2018
Heterologous production of the widely used natural food colorant carminic acid in Aspergillus nidulans.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biosynthesis and Microbial Production of Carminic Acid: From Pathway Elucidation to Synthetic Biology.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing inBiology · 2025Review
- Development of a versatile chassis for the efficient production of diverse type II polyketides.Nature communications · 2025Article
- An endosymbiotic origin of the crimson pigment from the lac insect.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Glycoside Phosphorylase Catalyzed Cellulose and β-1,3-Glucan Synthesis Using Chromophoric Glycosyl Acceptors.Biomacromolecules · 2024Article
- Combinatorial biosynthesis for the engineering of novel fungal natural products.Communications chemistry · 2024Review
- Natural Sources of Food Colorants as Potential Substitutes for Artificial Additives.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology Approaches for the Heterologous Production of Aromatic Polyketides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Computer-aided, resistance gene-guided genome mining for proteasome and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Article
- Diverse host-associated fungal systems as a dynamic source of novel bioactive anthraquinones in drug discovery: Current status and future perspectives.Journal of advanced research · 2022Review
- CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing and Its Application inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Programmable polyketide biosynthesis platform for production of aromatic compounds in yeast.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2020Article
- Review
- Moulding the mould: understanding and reprogramming filamentous fungal growth and morphogenesis for next generation cell factories.Biotechnology for biofuels · 2019Review
- Sensitive and Selective Carmine Acid Detection Based on Chemiluminescence Quenching of Layer Doubled Hydroxide-Luminol-HACS omega · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The natural red food colorants carmine (E120) and carminic acid are currently produced from scale insects. The access to raw material is limited and current production is sensitive to fluctuation in weather conditions. A cheaper and more stable supply is therefore desirable. Here we present the first proof-of-concept of heterologous microbial production of carminic acid in Aspergillus nidulans by developing a semi-natural biosynthetic pathway. Formation of the tricyclic core of carminic acid is achieved via a two-step process wherein a plant type III polyketide synthase (PKS) forms a non-reduced linear octaketide, which subsequently is folded into the desired flavokermesic acid anthrone (FKA) structure by a cyclase and a aromatase from a bacterial type II PKS system. The formed FKA is oxidized to flavokermesic acid and kermesic acid, catalyzed by endogenous A. nidulans monooxygenases, and further converted to dcII and carminic acid by the Dactylopius coccus C-glucosyltransferase DcUGT2. The establishment of a functional biosynthetic carminic acid pathway in A. nidulans serves as an important step towards industrial-scale production of carminic acid via liquid-state fermentation using a microbial cell factory.
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