Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30149531›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2018

Calcium Chloride Modified Alginate Microparticles Formulated by the Spray Drying Process: A Strategy to Prolong the Release of Freely Soluble Drugs.

Marta Szekalska, Katarzyna Sosnowska, Anna Czajkowska-Kośnik, Katarzyna Winnicka

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Rose Bengal-Chitosan Nanocomposites for Oral Administration.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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  6. Review
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  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Freeze-Drying Technique for Microencapsulation ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Marta SzekalskaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15222 Białystok, Poland. marta.szekalska@umb.edu.pl.ORCID 0000-0003-4340-5350
Katarzyna SosnowskaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15222 Białystok, Poland. katarzyna.sosnowska@umb.edu.pl.ORCID 0000-0001-8528-3764
Anna Czajkowska-KośnikDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15222 Białystok, Poland. anna.czajkowska@umb.edu.pl.ORCID 0000-0002-5025-4864
Katarzyna WinnickaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15222 Białystok, Poland. kwin@umb.edu.pl.ORCID 0000-0002-1013-610X
Medical University of Białystok · PL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alginate (ALG) cross-linking by CaCl₂ is a promising strategy to obtain modified-release drug delivery systems with mucoadhesive properties. However, current technologies to produce CaCl₂ cross-linked alginate microparticles possess major disadvantages, such as a poor encapsulation efficiency of water-soluble drugs and a difficulty in controlling the process. Hence, this study presents a novel method that streamlines microparticle production by spray drying; a rapid, continuous, reproducible, and scalable technique enabling obtainment of a product with low moisture content, high drug loading, and a high production yield. To model a freely water-soluble drug, metformin hydrochloride (MF) was selected. It was observed that MF was successfully encapsulated in alginate microparticles cross-linked by CaCl₂ using a one-step drying process. Modification of ALG provided drug release prolongation-particles obtained from 2% ALG cross-linked by 0.1% CaCl₂ with a prolonged MF rate of dissolution of up to 12 h. Cross-linking of the ALG microparticles structure by CaCl₂ decreased the swelling ratio and improved the mucoadhesive properties which were evaluated using porcine stomach mucosa.

Indexed as

alginate modificationcalcium chloridemicroparticlespolymer cross-linkingprolonged drug releasespray drying

Identifiers

PMID30149531
PMCPMC6163791
OpenAlexW2888617299

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.