ArticlePloS one2018
The effects of insulin on the inflammatory activity of BV2 microglia.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of perioperative intranasal insulin on postoperative delirium in elderly hip fracture patients undergoing general anesthesia: a randomized controlled study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Intranasal Insulin Attenuates the Long-Term Adverse Effects of Neonatal Hyperglycemia on the Hippocampus in Rats.Developmental neuroscience · 2022Trial
- MST1/Drp1 axis mediates microglia pro-inflammatory activation following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Natural products and neurocognitive disorders: Mechanistic insights and research advances (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- The Arp2/3 complex is required for in situ haptotactic response of microglia to iC3b.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Examining a central mechanism whereby undernutrition inhibits GnRH secretion via KNDy neurons.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Article
- Microglia sensing of peripheral signals that bridge the brain and body.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Physical confinement and phagocytic uptake induce persistent cell migration.Biology open · 2025Article
- Advances in research on the pathogenesis and signaling pathways associated with postoperative delirium (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- The Arp2/3 complex is required forbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Physical confinement and phagocytic uptake induce directional migration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Insulin resistance as the molecular link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.World journal of diabetes · 2024Review
- Personalized, Precision Medicine to Cure Alzheimer's Dementia: Approach #1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Formulating Treatment to Cure Alzheimer's Dementia: Approach #2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Efficacy and safety of intranasal insulin on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer: a double-blind pilot study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Intranasal Insulin for Treatment of Persistent Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction: A Scoping Review.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2024Article
- Insulin Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress in BV2 Microglia.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Non-severe thermal burn injuries induce long-lasting downregulation of gene expression in cortical excitatory neurons and microglia.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Diet-induced glial insulin resistance impairs the clearance of neuronal debris in Drosophila brain.PLoS biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia are the macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), which function to monitor and maintain homeostasis. Microglial activation occurs after CNS injury, infection or disease. Prolonged microglial activation is detrimental to the CNS as they produce nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in neuronal cell dysfunction and death. Microglial activation is implicated in the neurological deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Alzheimer's disease. Intranasal insulin administration is a promising treatment of Alzheimer's disease and TBI. However, the exact effect of insulin on microglia is currently unclear. The goal of this study was therefore to examine the effect of insulin administration on activated microglia. The microglial cell line BV2 were exposed to a pro-inflammatory stimulus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by insulin administration. Outcome measures were conducted at 24 hours after treatment. In vitro assays quantified NO and ROS production. Western blot, immunocytochemistry and phagocytosis assay further examined the effect of insulin on microglial activity. Insulin treatment significantly reduced NO, ROS and TNFα production and increased phagocytic activity. Insulin treatment also significantly reduced iNOS expression, but had no significant effect on any other M1 or M2 macrophage polarization marker examined. These data suggest that insulin has very specific effects to reduce pro-inflammatory or chemoattractant properties of microglia, and this may be one mechanism by which insulin has beneficial effects in CNS injury or neurodegenerative conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.