ArticleShock (Augusta, Ga.)2019
Toll Like Receptor 4 Mediated Lymphocyte Imbalance Induces Nec-Induced Lung Injury.
Article in Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- NEC-Associated Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and the Gut-Lung Axis in Preterm Infants.American journal of perinatology · 2026Review
- Necrotizing enterocolitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Impact of standardized fortified donor human milk on growth parameters and biomarkers in preterm very low birth weight infants: a single-center propensity score-matched analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis: mechanisms and mediators.World journal of pediatric surgery · 2026Review
- Digging deeper into necrotizing enterocolitis: bridging clinical, microbial, and molecular perspectives.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- IL-27Ra promotes the progression of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Comprehensive Review on Toll-like Receptor 4-Mediated Pathophysiology, Clinical, and Therapeutic Insights.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Effect of prenatal heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) administration on necrotizing enterocolitis-induced lung injury in a murine model.World journal of pediatric surgery · 2025Article
- Overview of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers and therapeutic tools in pediatric diseases: focus on the gut-lung axis.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Article
- Necrotizing enterocolitis: current understanding of the prevention and management.Pediatric surgery international · 2024Review
- Single-cell atlas of the human neonatal small intestine affected by necrotizing enterocolitis.PLoS biology · 2023Article
- The administration of amnion-derived multipotent cell secretome ST266 protects against necrotizing enterocolitis in mice and piglets.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2022Article
- Bench to bedside - new insights into the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2022Review
- Sulforaphane Ameliorates the Intestinal Injury in Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2022Article
- Current therapy option for necrotizing enterocolitis: Practicalities and challenge.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- CCL25 Inhibition Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Inflammation.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Necrotizing enterocolitis and the gut-lung axis.Seminars in perinatology · 2021Review
- Hyperoxia/Hypoxia Exposure Primes a Sustained Pro-Inflammatory Profile of Preterm Infant Macrophages Upon LPS Stimulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Prenatal Immunity and Influences on Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Associated Neonatal Disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in premature infants, and is associated with the development of severe lung inflammation. The pathogenesis of NEC-induced lung injury remains unknown, yet infiltrating immune cells may play a role. In support of this possibility, we now show that NEC in mice and humans was associated with the development of profound lung injury that was characterized by an influx of Th17 cells and a reduction in T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Importantly, the adoptive transfer of CD4 T cells isolated from lungs of mice with NEC into the lungs of immune incompetent mice (Rag1 mice) induced profound inflammation in the lung, while the depletion of Tregs exacerbated NEC induced lung injury, demonstrating that imbalance of Th17/Treg in the lung is required for the induction of injury. In seeking to define the mechanisms involved, the selective deletion of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) from the Sftpc1 pulmonary epithelial cells reversed lung injury, while TLR4 activation induced the Th17 recruiting chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 (CCL25) in the lungs of mice with NEC. Strikingly, the aerosolized inhibition of both CCL25 and TLR4 and the administration of all trans retinoic acid restored Tregs attenuated NEC-induced lung injury. In summary, we show that TLR4 activation in Surfactant protein C-1 (Sftpc1) cells disrupts the Treg/Th17 balance in the lung via CCL25 leading to lung injury after NEC and reveal that inhibition of TLR4 and stabilization of Th17/Treg balance in the neonatal lung may prevent this devastating complication of NEC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.