ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2018
CT Imaging of Enzymatic Activity in Cancer Using Covalent Probes Reveal a Size-Dependent Pattern.
Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activatable NIR-II photoacoustic probes for cancer imaging and imaging-guided therapy.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Cold and hot tumors: immunological determinants, cancer-immunity cycle dysregulation, and nanotechnology-driven therapeutic approaches.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Contrast Agents for Enhanced Bioimaging: A Comprehensive Review.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Review
- Functionalized metallic nanomaterials, nanozymes and nanomotors for emerging tumor diagnosis and treatment: from design to theranostics strategies.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters for Bioimaging and Therapy: Progress and Perspectives.JACS Au · 2025Review
- Combined Effect of Size and Charge on the Interaction of Nanoparticles with Mucus-Mimicking Mucin Hydrogels.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Harnessing Biomarker Activatable Probes for Early Stratification and Timely Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy in Cancer.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Nanopore sensing of protein and peptide conformation for point-of-care applications.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Recent advances for enhanced photodynamic therapy: from new mechanisms to innovative strategies.Chemical science · 2024Review
- Heavy Metal-Based Nanoparticles as High-Performance X-ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agents.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Illuminating and Radiosensitizing Tumors with 2DG-Bound Gold-Based Nanomedicine for Targeted CT Imaging and Therapy.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Ultrasmall, elementary and highly translational nanoparticle X-ray contrast media from amphiphilic iodinated statistical copolymers.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Article
- Nanomaterial-based CT contrast agents and their applications in image-guided therapy.Theranostics · 2023Review
- Targeting Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles with cRGD Peptide Increases the Uptake and Efficacy of Cytotoxic Payload.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Advances of gold nanoclusters for bioimaging.iScience · 2022Review
- Structure of Industrial Sacrificial Fragile Cementitious Foams.ACS omega · 2022Article
- Targeted Chemoradiotherapy of Prostate Cancer Using Gold Nanoclusters with Protease Activatable Monomethyl Auristatin E.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2022Article
- Gold Nanoclusters: Imaging, Therapy, and Theranostic Roles in Biomedical Applications.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2022Review
- Nanomaterials as Promising Theranostic Tools in Nanomedicine and Their Applications in Clinical Disease Diagnosis and Treatment.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Thin Layer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles for Targeted Multimodal Imaging with Photoacoustic and CT.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
X-ray CT instruments are among the most available, efficient, and cost-effective imaging modalities in hospitals. The field of CT molecular imaging is emerging which relies mainly on the detection of gold nanoparticles and iodine-containing compounds directed to tagging a variety of abundant biomolecules. Here for the first time we attempted to detect enzymatic activity, while the low sensitivity of CT scanners to contrast reagents made this a challenging task. Therefore, we developed a new class of nanosized cathepsin-targeted activity-based probes (ABPs) for functional CT imaging of cancer. ABPs are small molecules designed to covalently modify enzyme targets in an activity-dependent manner. Using a CT instrument, these novel probes enable detection of the elevated cathepsin activity within cancerous tissue, thus creating a direct link between biological processes and imaging signals. We present the generation and biochemical evaluation of a library of ABPs tagged with different sized gold nanoparticles (GNPs), with various ratios of cathepsin-targeting moiety and a combination of different polyethylene glycol (PEG) protective layers. The most potent and stable GNP-ABPs were applied for noninvasive cancer imaging in mice. Surprisingly, detection of CT contrast from the tumor had reverse correlation to GNP size and the amount of targeting moiety. Interestingly, TEM images of tumor sections show intercellular lysosomal subcellular localization of the GNP-ABPs. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the covalent linkage is key for detection using low sensitive imaging modalities and the utility of GNP-ABPs as a promising tool for enzymatic-based CT imaging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.