ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2018
Production and Visualization of Bacterial Spheroplasts and Protoplasts to Characterize Antimicrobial Peptide Localization.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pushing the limits of single-cell proteomics to investigate bacterial heterogeneity using bacSCP.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Membrane-Traversing Peptides: Mechanistic Landscapes, Assays, and Applications.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Bactericidal activity of mammalian histones is caused by large membrane pore formation.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Cell-autonomous diversification in bacteria arises from calcium dynamics self-organizing at a critical point.Science advances · 2023Article
- Article
- An extensively validated whole-cell biosensor for specific, sensitive and high-throughput detection of antibacterial inhibitors targeting cell-wall biosynthesis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial peptide 2K4L disrupts the membrane of multidrug-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Spheroplasts preparation boosts the catalytic potential of a squalene-hopene cyclase.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Hybrids made from antimicrobial peptides with different mechanisms of action show enhanced membrane permeabilization.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2019Article
- Using fluorescence microscopy to shed light on the mechanisms of antimicrobial peptides.Future medicinal chemistry · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The use of confocal microscopy as a method to assess peptide localization patterns within bacteria is commonly inhibited by the resolution limits of conventional light microscopes. As the resolution for a given microscope cannot be easily enhanced, we present protocols to transform the small rod-shaped gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram-positive Bacillus megaterium (B. megaterium) into larger, easily imaged spherical forms called spheroplasts or protoplasts. This transformation allows observers to rapidly and clearly determine whether peptides lodge themselves into the bacterial membrane (i.e., membrane localizing) or cross the membrane to enter the cell (i.e., translocating). With this approach, we also present a systematic method to characterize peptides as membrane localizing or translocating. While this method can be used for a variety of membrane-active peptides and bacterial strains, we demonstrate the utility of this protocol by observing the interaction of Buforin II P11A (BF2 P11A), an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), with E. coli spheroplasts and B. megaterium protoplasts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.