ArticleEnvironmental science & technology letters2017
Fluorinated Compounds in U.S. Fast Food Packaging.
Article in Environmental science & technology letters, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 569 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between PFAS exposure and dyslipidemia: an updated review, meta-analysis, and evaluation of bias.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- A low-dose prebiotic fiber supplement reduces lipopolysaccharide-binding protein concentrations in a subgroup of young, healthy adults consuming low-fiber diets.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- Association of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances With Adiposity.JAMA network open · 2018Trial
- Perfluoroalkyl substances and changes in body weight and resting metabolic rate in response to weight-loss diets: A prospective study.PLoS medicine · 2018Trial
- Comparative evaluation of pre-column derivatization strategies for PFAS analysis in paper-based food contact material using GC-MS.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- PFAS exposure in 12-year-old children and its association with metabolic markers.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Dietary and social predictors of PFAS exposure in Hispanic children from Northern Virginia.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Occurrence and Distribution Profiles of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water and Sediment of the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2026Article
- Occupation and serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: data from the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Annals of work exposures and health · 2026Article
- Sources and environmental occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment: a threat to Central European agriculture.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- PFAS and One Health: integrating human, animal, and environmental perspectives.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Validating Direct Mass Spectrometry Screening for Grease-Proofers Containing 6:2 Fluorotelomer Alcohol in Fiber-Based Food Packaging.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances serum concentrations during pregnancy and gestational weight gain in the Healthy Start Study.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- An overview of the impact of PFAS on animals, humans, and the environment using a One Health approach.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Review
- Ubiquitous Environmental Exposures and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Narrative Review.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- QSAR Models for Predicting Oral Bioavailability and Volume of Distribution and Their Application in Mapping the TK Space of Endocrine Disruptors.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Prenatal PFAS exposure and outcomes related to maternal gut microbiome composition in later pregnancy.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and microRNA: An epigenome-wide association study in firefighters.Environmental research · 2025Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are highly persistent synthetic chemicals, some of which have been associated with cancer, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, and other health effects. PFASs in grease-resistant food packaging can leach into food and increase dietary exposure. We collected ~400 samples of food contact papers, paperboard containers, and beverage containers from fast food restaurants throughout the United States and measured total fluorine using particle-induced γ-ray emission (PIGE) spectroscopy. PIGE can rapidly and inexpensively measure total fluorine in solid-phase samples. We found that 46% of food contact papers and 20% of paperboard samples contained detectable fluorine (>16 nmol/cm2). Liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of a subset of 20 samples found perfluorocarboxylates, perfluorosulfonates, and other known PFASs and/or unidentified polyfluorinated compounds (based on nontargeted analysis). The total peak area for PFASs was higher in 70% of samples (10 of 14) with a total fluorine level of >200 nmol/cm2 compared to six samples with a total fluorine level of <16 nmol/cm2. Samples with high total fluorine levels but low levels of measured PFASs may contain volatile PFASs, PFAS polymers, newer replacement PFASs, or other fluorinated compounds. The prevalence of fluorinated chemicals in fast food packaging demonstrates their potentially significant contribution to dietary PFAS exposure and environmental contamination during production and disposal.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.