ArticleDemographic research
The role of education in the association between race/ethnicity/nativity, cognitive impairment, and dementia among older adults in the United States.
Article in Demographic research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dementia in Advanced Kidney Disease by Race and Ethnicity and Neighborhood Factors.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Migration Effects on Cognition: Protocol for the Aging in Kerala Americans Research Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Environmental and social injustices impact dementia risk among older adults with end-stage kidney disease: a national registry study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Offspring education and parents' cognitive health: nativity differences among older Hispanic adults.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- Association of education labor overmatch and health among U.S.-born and immigrant older adults.Innovation in aging · 2025Article
- Geospatial analysis of short sleep duration and cognitive disability in US adults: a multi-state study using machine learning techniques.BioData mining · 2025Article
- The effect of birthweight and gestational age on cognitive function in midlife: the Bogalusa heart study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Preclinical Dementia and Economic Well-Being Trajectories of Racially Diverse Older Adults.Journal of aging and health · 2024Article
- The Flynn effect and cognitive decline among americans aged 65 years and older.Psychology and aging · 2024Article
- Brain health in diverse settings: How age, demographics and cognition shape brain function.NeuroImage · 2024Article
- Correlates of SuperAging in Two Population-Based Samples of Hispanic Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Intersectional Effects of Race and Educational Attainment on Memory Function of Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- The Add Health Parent Study: A Biosocial Resource for the Study of Multigenerational Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Associations of Nativity and the Role of the Hispanic Paradox on the Cognitive Health of Older Latinos Living in the United States.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- A Polysocial Approach in Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in Dementia and Cognitive Decline Among U.S. Older Adults: Health and Retirement Study.Innovation in aging · 2024Article
- Impact of educational attainment on time to cognitive decline among marginalized older adults: Cohort study of 20,311 adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Prospective Effects of Discrimination, Depressive Symptoms, and Cognitive Control Among Mexican-Origin Women.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- Use of the Spanish English Neuropsychological Assessment Scale in older adult Latines and those at risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2023Article
- Article
- Educational Attainment and Dementia: Mediation by Mid-Life Vascular Risk Factors.Annals of neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOlder Black and Hispanic adults are more likely to be cognitively impaired than older White adults. Disadvantages in educational achievement for minority and immigrant populations may contribute to disparities in cognitive impairment.
objectiveExamine the role of education in racial/ethnic and nativity differences in cognitive impairment/no dementia (CIND) and dementia among older US adults.
methodsData comes from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study. A total of 19,099 participants aged ≥50 were included in the analysis. Participants were categorized as having normal cognition, CIND, or dementia based on the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) or questions from a proxy interview. We document age and educational differences in cognitive status among White, Black, US-born Hispanic, and foreign-born Hispanic adults by sex. Logistic regression is used to quantify the association between race/ethnicity/nativity, education, and cognitive status by sex.
resultsAmong women, foreign-born Hispanics have higher odds of CIND and dementia than Whites. For men, Blacks have higher odds for CIND and dementia compared to Whites. The higher odds for CIND and dementia across race/ethnic and nativity groups was reduced after controlling for years of education but remained statistically significant for older Black and US-born Hispanic adults. Controlling for education reduces the odds for CIND (women and men) and dementia (men) among foreign-born Hispanics to nonsignificance. CONTRIBUTION: These results highlight the importance of education in CIND and dementia, particularly among foreign-born Hispanics. Addressing inequalities in education can contribute to reducing racial/ethnic/nativity disparities in CIND and dementia for older adults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.