ReviewInternational review of neurobiology2018
Pain Modulation: From Conditioned Pain Modulation to Placebo and Nocebo Effects in Experimental and Clinical Pain.
Review in International review of neurobiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Influence of Percutaneous Electrolysis on Endogenous Pain Modulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Pain Informed Movement for People With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot and Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Pain Modulation Effectiveness: An Experimental Study Using Repeated Conditioned Pain Modulation as an Intervention and Analyzing Potential Predictors in Healthy Adults.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Recommendations for the Neurophysiological Assessment of Conditioned Pain Modulation: A Systematic Review of Nociceptive Blink Reflex and Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex Protocols.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Role of non-invasive objective markers for the rehabilitative diagnosis of central sensitization in patients with fibromyalgia: A systematic review.Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of percutaneous electrolysis in subacute and early chronic medial gastrocnemius muscle injuries: a single-blinded randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Trial
- Impact of repeated exposure to CPM on CPM efficiency and pain sensitivity in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Brain-based measures of nociception during general anesthesia with remifentanil: A randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2022Trial
- Evidence for decreased Neurologic Pain Signature activation following thoracic spinal manipulation in healthy volunteers and participants with neck pain.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2019Trial
- Article
- Optimizing Opioid Use in Pain Management: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Benefits, Risks, and Dependence.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Conditioned pain modulation, cortical imbalance, and arthrogenic muscle inhibition: an integrative model with implications for exercise in chronic pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association between changes in conditioned pain modulation efficiency and pain sensitivity: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Role of Oxytocin and Sex in Analgesic Placebo-Response: Exploratory Analysis from a Sham Randomized Clinical Trial in Chronic Back-Pain Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Music interferes with expectation-induced pain modulation: a controlled cross-over experimental study.Pain reports · 2025Article
- International Consensus Guidelines on the Safe and Evidence-Based Practice of Mesotherapy: A Multidisciplinary Statement.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Neuropsychological mechanisms of observational learning in human placebo effects.Psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- The importance of central sensitization for clinical trials of disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs).Osteoarthritis imaging · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Sensory Profiles Discriminate Between Sensitization at Twelve Weeks in Patients with Acute Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls in Chronic Pain States: Insights from Pre-Clinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The effect of expectancy on conditioned pain modulation: evidence from functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveal important applications of endogenous pain modulation assessment in healthy controls and in patients in clinical settings, as dysregulations in the balance of pain modulatory circuits may facilitate pain and promote chronification of pain. This article reviews data on pain modulation, focusing on the mechanisms and translational aspects of pain modulation from conditioned pain modulation (CPM) to placebo and nocebo effects in experimental and clinical pain. The specific roles of expectations, learning, neural and neurophysiological mechanisms of the central nervous system are briefly reviewed herein. The interaction between CPM and placebo systems in pain inhibitory pathways is highly relevant in the clinic and in randomized controlled trials yet remains to be clarified. Examples of clinical implications of CPM and its relationship to placebo and nocebo effects are provided. A greater understanding of the role of pain modulation in various pain states can help characterize the manifestation and development of chronic pain and assist in predicting the response to pain-relieving treatments. Placebo and nocebo effects, intrinsic to every treatment, can be used to develop personalized therapeutic approaches that improve clinical outcomes while limiting unwanted effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.