ArticleGastroenterology2018
Identification of Menopausal and Reproductive Risk Factors for Microscopic Colitis-Results From the Nurses' Health Study.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inflammatory bowel disease: review and meta-analysis.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Microscopic Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Pooled it
- Dissecting Microscopic Colitis Immunopathophysiology: Insights From Basic Research.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Review
- Menopause and gastrointestinal health and disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- The disease course in microscopic colitis may be influenced by hormonal factors.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- A Literature Review of Microscopic Colitis.Cureus · 2024Review
- Endogenous Levels of Circulating Androgens Are Not Associated with Risk of Microscopic Colitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- Alcohol Consumption is Associated With An Increased Risk of Microscopic Colitis: Results From 2 Prospective US Cohort Studies.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2022Article
- Microscopic Colitis Patients Possess a Perturbed and Inflammatory Gut Microbiota.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Article
- Diagnosis and Management of Microscopic Colitis in Pediatric Patients.Paediatric drugs · 2022Review
- Obesity is associated with decreased risk of microscopic colitis in women.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Microscopic colitis in older adults: impact, diagnosis, and management.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2022Review
- Microscopic colitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2021Review
- Gastrointestinal Infection and Risk of Microscopic Colitis: A Nationwide Case-Control Study in Sweden.Gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Controversials of Microscopic Colitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Collagenous Colitis Is Associated With HLA Signature and Shares Genetic Risks With Other Immune-Mediated Diseases.Gastroenterology · 2020Article
- Budesonide treatment for microscopic colitis from immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Article
- Management of microscopic colitis: challenges and solutions.Clinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2019Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsMicroscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon primarily affecting postmenopausal women. However, the relation between hormonal determinants, including reproductive and menopausal factors, and risk of microscopic colitis has yet to be characterized.
methodsWe collected data from 227,766 women who participated in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the NHSII without a baseline history of microscopic colitis. Reproductive and menopausal factors were assessed in 1988 in the NHS and 1989 in the NHSII and updated biennially. Cases of microscopic colitis were confirmed through review of pathology records. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
resultsThrough 2014 in the NHS and 2015 in the NHSII, we confirmed 275 incident cases of microscopic colitis over 5,147,282 person-years. Compared with never use, current use of menopausal hormone therapy was associated with increased risk of microscopic colitis (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio 2.64; 95% confidence interval 1.78-3.90). The risk increased with longer duration of use (P for trend < .0001) and decreased after discontinuation (P for trend = .002). The association did not differ according to disease subtype (P for heterogeneity = .34). Similarly, ever use of oral contraceptives was associated with increased risk of microscopic colitis (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio 1.57; 95% confidence interval 1.16-2.13). There were no associations between age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, age at menopause, or menopause type and incident microscopic colitis.
conclusionsIn 2 large prospective cohort studies, we observed an association between exogenous hormone use and incident microscopic colitis. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.