Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30143781›Full record

ReviewNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2019

Let's call the whole thing off: evaluating gender and sex differences in executive function.

Nicola M Grissom, Teresa M Reyes

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 139 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
139citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

139 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Is Empowerment of Female Radiologists Still Needed? Findings of a Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Pooled it
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  14. Adolescent obesity induces sex-specific alterations of action control.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
  15. Sex-biased computations underlying differential set shift performance in mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
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79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Nicola M GrissomDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Teresa M ReyesDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA. reyesta@ucmail.uc.edu.

Funding

Opioids and impulsivity: Neuroanatomical examination in a novel animal modelR01MH106330 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI REYES, TERESA M · 2015 to 2016
$789k
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH106330
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The executive functions allow for purposeful, deliberate, and intentional interactions with the world-attention and focus, impulse control, decision making, and working memory. These measures have been correlated with academic outcomes and quality of life, and are impacted by deleterious environmental events throughout the life span, including gestational and early life insults. This review will address the topic of sex differences in executive function including a discussion of differences arising in response to developmental programming. Work on gender differences in human studies and sex differences in animal research will be reviewed. Overall, we find little support for significant gender or sex differences in executive function. An important variable that factors into the interpretation of potential sex differences include differing developmental trajectories. We conclude by discussing future directions for the field and a brief discussion of biological mechanisms.

Indexed as

Gender IdentitySex CharacteristicsExecutive FunctionFemaleHumansMaleMemory, Short-TermNeuropsychological TestsSex Factors

Identifiers

PMID30143781
PMCPMC6235899

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.