Observational studyMedicine2018
Association of gestational diabetes mellitus and abnormal vaginal flora with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Observational study in Medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- Microbiome alterations in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring: A systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Guideline
- The cervicovaginal gut microbiota axis as a key determinant of systemic physiology.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gardnerella enrichment in the vaginal microbiome of women with gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with lower fetal birthweight percentiles.Diabetologia · 2026Observational
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus exacerbates vaginal group BmSphere · 2026Article
- Vaginal microbiome composition in pregnant and non-pregnant women: community structure, population variation, clinical impact, and metagenomics approaches.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Exploring the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated factors among pregnant women attending tertiary antenatal hospitals in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey-based approach.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus exacerbates vaginal group BbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Association between vaginal microbiota in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Uncontrolled Diabetes as the Sole Risk Factor in a Rare Candida glabrata Tubo-Ovarian Abscess.Cureus · 2026Article
- Investigating the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus and the amount of dental plaque and decayed in pregnant women in Hamadan: A case-control study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Article
- Progress in interventions for vaginal microecology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Could diet and body composition influence vaginitis treatment success? A clinical nutrition-based analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Is Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Peripartum Infections?Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Impact of Glycemic Variability on Vaginal Flora Alterations and Concomitant Antimicrobial Resistance During Pregnancy: Implications for Fetomaternal Outcomes.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2025Article
- Influences of gestational diabetes mellitus on the changes in the vaginal microbiota from antepartum to postpartum.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Interacting and joint effects of assisted reproductive technology and gestational diabetes mellitus on preterm birth and the mediating role of gestational diabetes mellitus: a cohort study using a propensity score.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
- Vaginal colonization and vertical transmission of Candida species: prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women and their neonates at public health facilities of Northeast Ethiopia.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between GDM and abnormal vaginal flora, and the association between abnormal vaginal flora and adverse pregnancy outcomes.This was a prospective study of pregnant women who visited Xuanwu Hospital of the Capital Medical University (Beijing, China) between February and October 2015. All women were screened for GDM according to the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) recommendations. Vaginal secretions were sampled at 28 to 30 and 37 to 40 weeks. Microorganisms were examined.The women were 28.3 ± 2.6 years and their body mass index was 22.8 ± 1.4 kg/m. GDM was associated with higher frequencies of vulvovaginal candidiasis (22.6% vs 9.7%, P < .001), premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (22.6% vs 11.5%, P = .004), premature delivery (16.1% vs 5.5%, P = .02), chorioamnionitis/puerperal infection (19.4% vs 4.5%, P < .001), macrosomia (9.7% vs 4.0%, P = .04), neonatal hypoglycemia (5.4% vs 1.0%, P = .02), and neonatal referral (15.1% vs 6.5%, P = .008). Among healthy women, abnormal flora was associated with PROM (19.4% vs 7.5%, P = .02) and chorioamnionitis/puerperal infection (11.9% vs 0.8%, P < .001). Among women with GDM, abnormal flora was associated with PROM (32.1% vs 10.0%, P < .001), premature delivery (17.7% vs 6.3%, P = .04), and chorioamnionitis/puerperal infection (32.8% vs 2.5%, P < .001).The vaginal infection rate was higher in patients with GDM compared with healthy pregnant women. GDM and abnormal vaginal flora were both associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The vaginal Lactobacillus species were different between the 2 groups, which could contribute to the adverse outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.