ArticleCell2018
Stereotypic Immune System Development in Newborn Children.
Article in Cell, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 414 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Protecting Late-moderate Preterm Infants From Respiratory Tract Infections and Wheeze in Their First Years of Life by Using Bacterial Lysates.
Preterm Infant Intestinal Microbiota Development and Maternal Fecal Transplant
Who cites it
414 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 672 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic timing effects on child developmental outcomes: a longitudinal meta-regression of findings from the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics Consortium.Genome medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Probiotics supplementation during pregnancy or infancy on multiple food allergies and gut microbiota: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Microbiome and pediatric leukemia, diabetes, and allergies: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Autologous Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells Modulate Immunity and the Microbiota in Very Preterm Twins: A Randomized Trial.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Trial
- Anti-inflammatory effects of Bifidobacterium infantis M-63 during the early postnatal period in term infants.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- A retrospectively registered pilot randomized controlled trial of postbiotic administration during antibiotic treatment increases microbiome diversity and enriches health-associated taxa.Infection and immunity · 2026Trial
- Early-life animal and farming exposures and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: findings from the E3N French cohort study.RMD open · 2025Trial
- Breastfeeding and Neonatal Age Influence Neutrophil-Driven Ontogeny of Blood Cell Populations in the First Week of Human Life.Journal of immunology research · 2024Trial
- Immune System Development-Pro Tips for Paediatricians.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Review
- Red blood cell transfusion is not associated with lymphocyte subpopulation counts in very low birthweight infants.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Article
- Kawasaki disease: a primer for the classification of multisystem inflammatory disorders.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Analysis of Human Thymopoiesis Reveals Rapid Postnatal Remodeling of Thymocytes Within the First 3 Months of Life.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Immunothrombotic endotypes and the post-therapeutic remodeling of the developing immunity.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Gut-brain-immune interactions in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Review
- Neonatal critical illness is associated with pancytopenia development in childhood.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Thymic output in human newborns is shaped by environmental exposures and a common TCRD genetic variant.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Single-cell map of the healthy human immune system across the lifespan reveals unique infant immune signatures.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Perturbation of the preterm human immune system in early life.JCI insight · 2026Article
354 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that early life exposures are key determinants of immune-mediated disease later in life. Young children are also particularly susceptible to infections, warranting more analyses of immune system development early in life. Such analyses mostly have been performed in mouse models or human cord blood samples, but these cannot account for the complex environmental exposures influencing human newborns after birth. Here, we performed longitudinal analyses in 100 newborn children, sampled up to 4 times during their first 3 months of life. From 100 μL of blood, we analyze the development of 58 immune cell populations by mass cytometry and 267 plasma proteins by immunoassays, uncovering drastic changes not predictable from cord blood measurements but following a stereotypic pattern. Preterm and term children differ at birth but converge onto a shared trajectory, seemingly driven by microbial interactions and hampered by early gut bacterial dysbiosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.