ReviewMolecular neurobiology2019
Crosstalk Between Inflammation and Glutamate System in Depression: Signaling Pathway and Molecular Biomarkers for Ketamine's Antidepressant Effect.
Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antidepressant Effect of Ketamine on Inflammation-Mediated Cytokine Dysregulation in Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression: Rapid Systematic Review.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of postoperative esketamine on depression after pancreatoduodenectomy: a randomized controlled trial.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Depression in Patients With Cancer: A Review of Mechanistic and Clinical Evidence.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Dexamethasone-induced 3D cortical spheroid model of stress-related neuroplasticity impairment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation and treatment resistance in major depressive disorder.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- An Overview of Depression Pathogenesis: Prevailing Hypotheses and Associated Neurobiological Underpinnings Primarily Evidenced by Rodent Studies.Depression and anxiety · 2026Review
- Advancing past ketamine: emerging glutamatergic compounds for the treatment of depression.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Current Strategies and Future Directions of Wearable Biosensors for Measuring Stress Biochemical Markers for Neuropsychiatric Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Functional resting state connectivity is differentially associated with IL-6 and TNF-α in depression and in healthy controls.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Remote Regulation of Molecular Diffusion in Extracellular Space of Parkinson's Disease Rat Model by Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Gut microbial and human genetic signatures of inflammatory bowel disease increase risk of comorbid mental disorders.NPJ genomic medicine · 2024Article
- Physiology of the volume-sensitive/regulatory anion channel VSOR/VRAC: part 2: its activation mechanisms and essential roles in organic signal release.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2024Review
- HMGB1/STAT3/p65 axis drives microglial activation and autophagy exert a crucial role in chronic Stress-Induced major depressive disorder.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- NMDA receptor modulation by Esculetin: Investigating behavioral, biochemical and neurochemical effects in schizophrenic mice model.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Article
- Review
- Assessing the role of antioxidant and pro-oxidant balance in mediating the relationship between vitamin K intake and depressive symptoms in adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Baseline monocyte count predicts symptom improvement during intravenous ketamine therapy in treatment-resistant depression: a single-arm open-label observational study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- Discrimination exposure impacts unhealthy processing of food cues: crosstalk between the brain and gut.Nature. Mental health · 2023Article
- Pharmacological evidence for glutamatergic pathway involvement in the antidepressant-like effects of 2-phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)benzofuran in male Swiss mice.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Depression is a worldwide illness with a significant impact on both family and society. Conventional antidepressants are ineffective for more than 30% of patients. In such patients, who have what is called treatment-resistant depression (TRD), inflammatory biomarkers are expressed excessively in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral blood. Ketamine, a glutamate receptor antagonist, exerts a rapid and sustained therapeutic effect in patients with TRD. Thus, the investigation of the relations between inflammation and glutamate underlying depression has drawn great attention. Inflammation influences glutamate release, transmission, and metabolism, resulting in accumulated extracellular glutamate in the CNS. Downstream of the glutamate receptors, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a key role in mediating ketamine's antidepressant effect by improving neurogenesis and plasticity. Based on the mechanism and clinical evidence of the inflammatory contribution to the pathogenesis of depression, extensive research has been devoted to inflammatory biomarkers of the clinical response of depression to ketamine. The inconsistent findings from the biomarker investigations are at least partially attributable to the heterogeneity of depression, limited sample size, and complex gene-environment interactions. Deep exploration of the clinical observations and the underlying mechanism of ketamine's antidepressant response can provide new insights into the selection of specific groups of depressed patients for ketamine treatment and to aid in monitoring the therapeutic effect during antidepressant medication. Further, targeting persistent inflammation in patients with TRD and the key molecules mediating ketamine's antidepressant effect may encourage the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.