ArticleScandinavian journal of primary health care2018
Awareness of hypertension and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study in a primary care population.
Article in Scandinavian journal of primary health care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Depressive symptoms decrease health-related quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes: a 12-month follow up study in primary care.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2023Trial
- Article
- Associations of Lifestyle Behaviors with Anxiety and Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2025Article
- Exploring the Causal Relationships and Mediating Factors Between Mental Disorders and Hypertension: A Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study.Global heart · 2025Article
- A vascular endothelial cell, neuron, and microglia tri-culture model to study hypertension-related depression.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Association between physical activity and all-cause mortality in patients with depression: a prospective cohort study based on NHANES data.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Post-traumatic growth trajectories and influencing factors in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty: a prospective longitudinal study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The triangulation of multimorbidity: A systematic review of primary sleep disorders, hypertension, and psychiatric disorders.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Association of both depressive symptoms scores and specific depressive symptoms with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality.Annals of general psychiatry · 2024Article
- Role of brain renin-angiotensin system in depression: A new perspective.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Finding the best predictive model for hypertensive depression in older adults based on machine learning and metabolomics research.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Genetic effects and causal association analyses of 14 common conditions/diseases in multimorbidity patterns.PloS one · 2024Article
- Construction of a machine learning-based risk prediction model for depression in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive people in China: a longitudinal study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Analysis of the prevalence and related factors of primary hypertension among adolescents and children in the Taicang area.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Research trends of acupuncture therapy for hypertension over the past two decades: a bibliometric analysis.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2023Review
- A Cross-Sectional Study on the Associations between Depression and Anxiety, Medication Use for These Diseases and Physical Activity Level in Spanish People with Hypertension.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The Relationship Between Social Capital and Hypertension Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: The Moderating Effect of Depressive Symptoms.Patient preference and adherence · 2023Article
- Hypertension and Low Body Weight Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms Only in Females: Findings from the Shika Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Association of depressive symptoms and hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among USA adults.Journal of hypertension · 2022Article
- The Mediating Role of Psychological Well-Being in the Relationship between Self-Care Knowledge and Disease Self-Management in Patients with Hypertensive Nephropathy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association of hypertension awareness and depressive symptoms, and to analyse factors predisposing aware hypertensives to depressive symptoms.
designCross-sectional study in a primary care population.
settingCardiovascular risk factor survey in two semi-rural towns in Finland. SUBJECTS: Two thousand six hundred seventy-six middle-aged risk persons without an established cardiovascular or renal disease or type 2 diabetes.
main outcome measuresDepressive symptoms, previous and new diagnosis of hypertension.
resultsHypertension was diagnosed in 47.9% of the subjects, of whom 34.5% (442/1 282) had previously undetected hypertension. Depressive symptoms were reported by 14% of the subjects previously aware of their hypertension, and by 9% of both unaware hypertensives and normotensive subjects. In the logistic regression analysis, both the normotensive (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.86) (p = 0.0038) and the unaware hypertensive subjects (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35-0.84) (p = 0.0067) had lower risk for depressive symptoms than the previously diagnosed hypertensives. Among these aware hypertensives, female gender (OR 3.61, 95% CI 2.06-6.32), harmful alcohol use (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.40-4.64) and obesity (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.01-6.21) predicted depressive symptoms. Non-smoking (OR 0.57, 95% Cl 0.33-0.99) and moderate leisure-time physical activity compared to low (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33-0.84) seemed to buffer against depressive symptoms.
conclusionDepressive symptoms are common in hypertensive persons even without comorbidities, if the person is already aware of his/her hypertension. Many modifiable, lifestyle associated factors may contribute to the association of hypertension and depressive symptoms. Key Points Hypertension and depressive symptoms are known to form a toxic combination contributing even to all-cause mortality. Comorbidities or the labelling effect of the diagnosis of hypertension can confound their association. Our study shows that depressive symptoms are common in hypertensive persons even without comorbidities, if the person is already aware of his/her hypertension. Many modifiable, lifestyle-associated factors may contribute to the association of hypertension and depressive symptoms. When treating hypertensive patients, consideration of depressive symptoms is important in order to promote favorable lifestyle and control of hypertension.
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