ArticleAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP2018
Breast Cancer Risk Factors: a Cross- Cultural Comparison between the West and the East
Article in Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Early menarche and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 74 case-control studies.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Therapeutic Exercises on the Quality of Life and Shoulder Range of Motion in Women After a Mastectomy, an RCT.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2022Trial
- Genetic Variants Associated with Breast Cancer Are Detected by Whole-Exome Sequencing in Vietnamese Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer among Women in Iraq: A Case-Control Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Knowledge Graph for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Literature-Based Data Analysis Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2024Article
- A Case-control Study on the Association of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption with Risk of Breast Cancer.International journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Status of breast cancer detection in young women and potential of liquid biopsy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- GermlineFrontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Epidemiology and clinicopathologic features of breast cancer in China and the United States.Translational cancer research · 2023Article
- Association between Breast Cancer Knowledge and Mammogram Utilization among Immigrant Muslim Arab Women in California: Cross-Sectional Design.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- How Do Healthy Women Perceive the Risk of Breast Cancer? The Role of Illness Perceptions and Compared Risk between Portugal and the U.A.E.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Body mass index, breast density, and the risk of breast cancer development in relation to the menopausal status; results from a population-based screening program in a native African-Arab country.Acta radiologica open · 2022Article
- Relationship between serum TGF- β 1, MMP-9 and IL-1β and pathological features and prognosis in breast cancer.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- The effectiveness of a WeChat-based multimodal nursing program for women with breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial protocol.Medicine · 2020Article
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4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The incidence of breast cancer in Lebanon is higher than any other Middle –Eastern country, is diagnosed at a younger age than women in Western countries, and is more aggressive and fatal. Therefore addressing risk factors in this population is of paramount importance. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional, comparative design evaluated the risk factors for breast cancer in a convenient sample of 105 Lebanese-American women with 250 Lebanese. Odds Ratio, Chi square t-tests or ANOVA were used to compare the two groups’ risk factors and knowledge of screening tools. Associations found to be statistically significant were included in three multiple logistic regression models to estimate the odds of each variable for performing a mammography, a clinical breast exam (CBE) and a breast self-exam (BSE). Results: There were more Muslims in the Lebanese-American sample who perceived having a better income, and had a better understanding of the effectiveness of the mammogram, the CBE and the BSE. The Lebanese group reached menopause at an older age, t = 2.66, p = 0.05, smoked more, OR = 1.42, p = 0.001 and were five times more likely to live close to a main road or highway, OR = 5.75, p = 0.001 than the Lebanese-American group. The Lebanese- Americana group breast fed longer χ2= 11.68, p = .008, used contraceptives more, OR = 1.74, p = 0.027, exercised more, OR = 1.61, p < 0.001, and consumed more vegetables and fruits than their Lebanese counterparts, OR= 1.22, p = 0.002, and OR = 1.27 p = 0.001, respectively. For ever having a mammogram, the duration of breastfeeding (>6 months), effectiveness of the mammogram, and exercise were significant predictors. While for ever having a CBE, smoking, eating fruits, and exercise were significant. No variables were related to performing a BSE. Conclusion: The Lebanese women had higher risk factors for developing breast cancer, and had less knowledge of the benefits of breast cancer screening tools, calling for the importance of promoting healthy life styles and education.
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