ArticlePLoS pathogens2018
Dysregulated hemolysin liberates bacterial outer membrane vesicles for cytosolic lipopolysaccharide sensing.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Outer Membrane Vesicles ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Hemolysin EthA is an Edwardsiella T3SS effector that induces PANoptosis in macrophages.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- New insights into outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria from biogenesis to applications.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Genomic characterization of Comamonas kerstersii isolated from diarrheal patients in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2026Article
- Microbial sensing through the non-canonical inflammasome modulates airway type 2 immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Review on bacterial outer membrane vesicles: structure, vesicle formation, separation and biotechnological applications.Microbial cell factories · 2025Review
- Linking microbial communities to rheumatoid arthritis: focus on gut, oral microbiome and their extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV)-Encapsulated TiONanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The role of galectins in the regulation of autophagy and inflammasome in host immunity.Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- BACTERIAL EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2024Review
- Genomic characterization and probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from feces of guinea pig (Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Immunity and Host Defense.Immunological investigations · 2024Review
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial activation and dysfunction: a new predictive and therapeutic paradigm for sepsis.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- α-Hemolysin promotes uropathogenic E. coli persistence in bladder epithelial cells via abrogating bacteria-harboring lysosome acidification.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Emerging role of bacterial outer membrane vesicle in gastrointestinal tract.Gut pathogens · 2023Review
- Microbe-host interactions: structure and functions of Gram-negative bacterial membrane vesicles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Assessing membrane material properties from the response of giant unilamellar vesicles to electric fields.Advances in physics: X · 2023Article
- The role and mechanisms of gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles in inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Discovery of the Role of Outer Membrane Vesicles against Bacteria.Biomedicines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammatory caspase-11/4/5 recognize cytosolic LPS from invading Gram-negative bacteria and induce pyroptosis and cytokine release, forming rapid innate antibacterial defenses. Since extracellular or vacuole-constrained bacteria are thought to rarely access the cytoplasm, how their LPS are exposed to the cytosolic sensors is a critical event for pathogen recognition. Hemolysin is a pore-forming bacterial toxin, which was generally accepted to rupture cell membrane, leading to cell lysis. Whether and how hemolysin participates in non-canonical inflammasome signaling remains undiscovered. Here, we show that hemolysin-overexpressed enterobacteria triggered significantly increased caspase-4 activation in human intestinal epithelial cell lines. Hemolysin promoted LPS cytosolic delivery from extracellular bacteria through dynamin-dependent endocytosis. Further, we revealed that hemolysin was largely associated with bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and induced rupture of OMV-containing vacuoles, subsequently increasing LPS exposure to the cytosolic sensor. Accordingly, overexpression of hemolysin promoted caspase-11 dependent IL-18 secretion and gut inflammation in mice, which was associated with restricting bacterial colonization in vivo. Together, our work reveals a concept that hemolysin promotes noncanonical inflammasome activation via liberating OMVs for cytosolic LPS sensing, which offers insights into innate immune surveillance of dysregulated hemolysin via caspase-11/4 in intestinal antibacterial defenses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.