ArticlePloS one2018
Total and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios in patients with schizophrenia and/or substance use disorder.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Substance Use Within Trials of Psychological Interventions for Psychosis: Sample Inclusion, Secondary Measures, and Intervention Effectiveness.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Health outcomes and service use patterns associated with co-located outpatient mental health care and alcohol and other drug specialist treatment: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol review · 2023Pooled it
- Temporal trends in associations between severe mental illness and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The Physical Health Care Fidelity Scale: Psychometric Properties.Administration and policy in mental health · 2020Trial
- Association between psychiatric comorbidities and the pharmacological secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease - an analysis of real-world health insurance prescription data in Germany.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Encounters between people with mental health and/or substance use problems and ambulance clinicians: a qualitative interview study in Norway.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Patterns of substance-induced psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national registry study of specialist healthcare contacts.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Family members' perspectives of laws, policies and practices in substance use disorders treatment: a qualitative exploration of seeking help for concurrent disorders.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Attitudes, self-efficacy, and practice of psychiatrists to provide smoking cessation support among people with serious mental illness (SMI).BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- The association between caries experience and demographic, socioeconomic, and psychometric factors among persons with severe psychiatric and/or substance use disorders: a cross-sectional study.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Organising housing and service provision for persons with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems: a scoping review in the ROP Municipal.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Management of schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorders: expert review and guidance.Annals of general psychiatry · 2024Review
- The epidemiology of major depression among adults in Norway: an observational study on the concurrence between population surveys and registry data - a NCDNOR project.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Association of duration of treatment on post-discharge mortality in forensic psychiatric patients in Finland.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Characterizing the Shared Genetic Underpinnings of Schizophrenia and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors.The American journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- The temporal association between suicide and comorbid mental disorders in people treated for substance use disorders: a National registry study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Article
- Mortality and mental health funding-do the dollars add up? Eating disorder research funding in Australia from 2009 to 2021: a portfolio analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Psychological Experience of Smoking Addiction in Family and Friends of Schizophrenic Adults Who Smoke Daily: A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Remission with or without comorbid substance use disorders in early psychosis: long-term outcome in integrated care (ACCESS III study).Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- People who use drugs show no increase in pre-existing T-cell cross-reactivity toward SARS-CoV-2 but develop a normal polyfunctional T-cell response after standard mRNA vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia or substance use disorder have a substantially increased mortality compared to the general population. Despite a high and probably increasing prevalence of comorbid substance use disorder in people with schizophrenia, the mortality in the comorbid group has been less studied and with contrasting results. We performed a nationwide open cohort study from 2009 to 2015, including all Norwegians aged 20-79 with schizophrenia and/or substance use disorder registered in any specialized health care setting in Norway, a total of 125,744 individuals. There were 12,318 deaths in the cohort, and total, sex-, age- and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated, comparing the number of deaths in patients with schizophrenia, schizophrenia only, substance use disorder only or a co-occurring diagnosis of schizophrenia and substance use disorder to the number expected if the patients had the age-, sex- and calendar-year specific death rates of the general population. The SMRs were 4.9 (95% CI 4.7-5.1) for all schizophrenia patients, 4.4 (95% CI 4.2-4.6) in patients with schizophrenia without substance use disorder, 6.6 (95% CI 6.5-6.8) in patients with substance use disorder only, and 7.4 (95% CI 7.0-8.2) in patients with both schizophrenia and substance use disorder. The SMRs were elevated in both genders, in all age groups and for all considered causes of death, and most so in the youngest. Approximately 27% of the excess mortality in all patients with schizophrenia was due to the raised mortality in the subgroup with comorbid SUD. The increased mortality in patients with schizophrenia and/or substance use disorder corresponded to more than 10,000 premature deaths, which constituted 84% of all deaths in the cohort. The persistent mortality gap highlights the importance of securing systematic screening and proper access to somatic health care, and a more effective prevention of premature death from external causes in this group.
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Registered trials
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