ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
Risk factors for diagnosed noma in northwest Nigeria: A case-control study, 2017.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shotgun metagenomic analysis of the oral microbiomes of children with noma.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Nonparametric Testing of Body Mass Index as a Predictor of Severe Noma: Assessing Potential Association.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Noma: a PubMed-based informetric analysis of a neglected tropical orofacial disease in Nigeria.Sudanese journal of paediatrics · 2023Article
- The key players of dysbiosis in Noma disease; A systematic review of etiological studies.Frontiers in oral health · 2023Review
- A retrospective clinical, multi-center cross-sectional study to assess the severity and sequela of Noma/Cancrum oris in Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Review
- Noma: Experiences of Survivors, Opinion Leaders and Healthcare Professionals in Burkina Faso.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Economic and Social Costs of Noma: Design and Application of an Estimation Model to Niger and Burkina Faso.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Noma (cancrum oris): A scoping literature review of a neglected disease (1843 to 2021).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Model of care, Noma Children's Hospital, northwest Nigeria.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2021Article
- Facing Africa: Describing Noma in Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Language and beliefs in relation to noma: a qualitative study, northwest Nigeria.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- 'I treat it but I don't know what this disease is': a qualitative study on noma (cancrum oris) and traditional healing in northwest Nigeria.International health · 2020Article
- Inclusion of Real-Time Hand Hygiene Observation and Feedback in a Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy in Low-Resource Settings.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- Estimated incidence and Prevalence of noma in north central Nigeria, 2010-2018: A retrospective study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Noma in a boy with septic shock: a case report.BMC pediatrics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNoma (cancrum oris), a neglected tropical disease, rapidly disintegrates the hard and soft tissue of the face and leads to severe disfiguration and high mortality. The disease is poorly understood. We aimed to estimate risk factors for diagnosed noma to better guide existing prevention and treatment strategies using a case-control study design.
methodsCases were patients admitted between May 2015 and June 2016, who were under 15 years of age at reported onset of the disease. Controls were individuals matched to cases by village, age and sex. Caretakers answered the questionnaires. Risk factors for diagnosed noma were estimated by calculating unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) using conditional logistic regression.
findingsWe included 74 cases and 222 controls (both median age 5 (IQR 3, 15)). Five cases (6.5%) and 36 (16.2%) controls had a vaccination card (p = 0.03). Vaccination coverage for polio and measles was below 7% in both groups. The two main reported water sources were a bore hole in the village (cases n = 27, 35.1%; controls n = 63, 28.4%; p = 0.08), and a well in the compound (cases n = 24, 31.2%; controls n = 102, 45.9%; p = 0.08). The adjusted analysis identified potential risk and protective factors for diagnosed noma which need further exploration. These include the potential risk factor of the child being fed pap every day (OR 9.8; CI 1.5, 62.7); and potential protective factors including the mother being the primary caretaker (OR 0.08; CI 0.01, 0.5); the caretaker being married (OR 0.006; CI 0.0006, 0.5) and colostrum being given to the baby (OR 0.4; CI 0.09, 2.09).
interpretationThis study suggests that social conditions and infant feeding practices are potentially associated with being a diagnosed noma case in northwest Nigeria; these findings warrant further investigation into these factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.