ArticlePloS one2018
Food insecurity status and mortality among adults in Ontario, Canada.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Food-based interventions to mitigate household food insecurity in Canada: a systematic review.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Pooled it
- The Association of Food Insecurity and Risk of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Large-Scale Cohorts.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Reply to: Food insecurity and mortality in older adults: a prospective reconstruction.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- 'You definitely choose struggling over humiliation': Experiences of food insecurity in Nova Scotia, Canada, for LGBTQ + individuals.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Food insecurity and acute care utilisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Community-based social assistance programs and household food insecurity among de novo food-aid seekers in Quebec, Canada.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- The Interplay of Food Insecurity, Diet Quality, and Dementia Status in their Association with All-Cause Mortality Among Older US Adults in the Health and Retirement Study 2012-2020.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025Article
- Growing roots: the role of collective community gardening in cultural food insecurity and social integration of African immigrants in Alberta, Canada.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Food Insecurity and Social Policy: A Comparative Analysis of Welfare State Regimes in 19 Countries.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2024Article
- Food insecurity, environment, institutional quality, and health outcomes: evidence from South Asia.Globalization and health · 2024Article
- Understanding food insecurity risk in the United States: A longitudinal analysis.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Food insecurity as a cause of adiposity: evolutionary and mechanistic hypotheses.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Exploring the Implications of COVID-19 on Food Security and Coping Strategies among Urban Indigenous Peoples in Saskatchewan, Canada.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Food-related worry and food bank use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: results from a nationally representative multi-round study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Food insecurity and unmet healthcare needs in South Korea.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Classification Differences in Food Insecurity Measures between the United States and Canada: Practical Implications for Trend Monitoring and Health Research.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFood insecurity is associated with a wide array of negative health outcomes and higher health care costs but there has been no population-based study of the association of food insecurity and mortality in high-income countries.
methodsWe use cross-sectional population surveys linked to encoded health administrative data. The sample is 90,368 adults, living in Ontario and respondents in the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The outcome of interest is all-cause mortality at any time after the interview and within four years of the interview. The primary variable of interest is food insecurity status, with individuals classed as "food secure", "marginally food insecure", "moderately food insecure", or "severely food insecure". We use logistic regression models to determine the association of mortality with food insecurity status, adjusting for other social determinants of health.
resultsUsing a full set of covariates, in comparison to food secure individuals, the odds of death at any point after the interview are 1.28 (CI = 1.08, 1.52) for marginally food insecure individuals, 1.49 (CI = 1.29, 1.73) for moderately food insecure individuals, and 2.60 (CI = 2.17, 3.12) for severely food insecure individuals. When mortality within four years of the interview is considered, the odds are, respectively, 1.19 (CI = 0.95, 1.50), 1.65 (CI = 1.37, 1.98), and 2.31 (CI = 1.81, 2.93).
interpretationThese findings demonstrate that food insecurity is associated with higher mortality rates and these higher rates are especially large for the most severe food insecurity category. Efforts to reduce food insecurity should be incorporated into broader public health initiatives to reduce mortality.
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