Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30138058›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2018

The Belmont Report at 40: Reckoning With Time.

Eli Y Adashi, LeRoy B Walters, Jerry A Menikoff

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. AI-readiness Criteria for Biomedical Data.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units: A Historical Perspective.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Vulnerability in research ethics: A call for assessing vulnerability and implementing protections.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review of Clinical Equipoise: Examples from Oncology Trials.Current reviews in clinical and experimental pharmacology · 2023
    Review
  18. DDS Profile: Juanita L. Merchant, MD, PhD.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Eli Y AdashiEli Y. Adashi is with the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, RI. LeRoy B. Walters is with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and Department of Philosophy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Jerry A. Menikoff is with the Office for Human Research Protections, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD.
LeRoy B WaltersEli Y. Adashi is with the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, RI. LeRoy B. Walters is with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and Department of Philosophy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Jerry A. Menikoff is with the Office for Human Research Protections, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD.
Jerry A MenikoffEli Y. Adashi is with the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, RI. LeRoy B. Walters is with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and Department of Philosophy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Jerry A. Menikoff is with the Office for Human Research Protections, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It was the summer of 1972 when a stunned nation first learned of the infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study, during which hundreds of poor, disease-stricken black men from Macon County Alabama, had been deliberately left untreated for 40 years. Coming on the heels of multiple, earlier examples of unethical human experimentation, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study made it plain that the moral foundation of human subject research was in desperate need of repair. Blind reliance on the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki was no longer going to suffice. It was against this backdrop that Congress resolved to act. Numerous hearings and multiple spirited discussions later, an agreement was struck to constitute the "Commission." The outgrowth of a retreat held at the Smithsonian Institution's Belmont Conference Center, the Belmont Report lays out a principled analytical framework to "guide the resolution of ethical problems arising from research involving human subjects." Durable and ever-present, the Belmont Report, which is the foundational document that reset the ethics of human subject research, must now reckon with all-important novel issues of the day that could not have been foreseen by its drafters.

Indexed as

Ethics, ResearchAlabamaBiomedical ResearchBlack or African AmericanFemaleHuman ExperimentationHumansInformed ConsentMalePatient SelectionPersonal AutonomyResearch SubjectsSocial JusticeSyphilisUnited StatesVolunteers

Identifiers

PMID30138058
PMCPMC6137767

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.