ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2018
Pretreatment HIV drug resistance among adults initiating ART in Namibia.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Trends in HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance and HIV-1 variant dynamics among antiretroviral therapy-naive Ethiopians from 2003 to 2018: a pooled sequence analysis.Virology journal · 2023Pooled it
- Drug Resistance Among Newly Diagnosed People Living with HIV-1 in Sichuan, China: A Large-Scale Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Impact of V179D/E mutations on antiretroviral therapy outcomes in people living with HIV-1: a 3-year retrospective study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of HIV Drug Resistance in Zimbabwe: Evidence from Zimbabwe Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (ZIMPHIA) 2020 Survey.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Article
- Strengthening and enhancing national antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance in Zimbabwe-A country that has reached UNAIDS 95-95-95 amongst adults.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Pretreatment HIV Drug Resistance and the Molecular Transmission Network Among HIV-Positive Individuals in China in 2022: Multicenter Observational Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Observational
- Pre-Treatment HIV Drug Resistance and Genetic Diversity in Cameroon: Implications for First-Line Regimens.Viruses · 2023Article
- The prevalence of pre-treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance in Vietnam: a nationally representative survey, 2017-2018.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Magnitude and predictors of HIV-Drug resistance in Africa: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Article
- Molecular transmission network of pretreatment drug resistance among human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals and the impact of virological failure on those who received antiretroviral therapy in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- A case report of clinical implications of a delayed antiretroviral therapy switch in a patient with multiple treatment interruptions.SAGE open medical case reports · 2022Article
- Microdrop Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sequencing for Incidence and Drug Resistance Surveillance.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- The characteristics of pretreatment HIV-1 drug resistance in western Yunnan, China.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Continued use of standardized, first-line ART containing NNRTIs and NRTIs may contribute to ongoing emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in Namibia. Methods: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2015-16 to estimate the prevalence of significant pretreatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) and viral load (VL) suppression rates 6-12 months after initiating standardized first-line ART. Consenting adult patients (≥18 years) initiating ART were interviewed about prior antiretroviral drug (ARV) exposure and underwent resistance testing using dried blood spot samples. PDR was defined as mutations causing low-, intermediate- and high-level resistance to ARVs according to the 2014 WHO Surveillance of HIV Drug Resistance in Adults Initiating ART. The prevalence of PDR was described by patient characteristics, ARV exposure and VL results. Results were weighted to be nationally representative. Results: Successful genotyping was performed for 381 specimens; 144 (36.6%) specimens demonstrated HIVDR, of which 54 (12.7%) demonstrated PDR. Resistance to NNRTIs was most prevalent (11.9%). PDR was higher in patients with previous ARV exposure compared with no exposure (30.5% versus 9.6%) (prevalence ratio = 3.17; P < 0.01). Conclusions: This survey demonstrated overall PDR at >10% among adults initiating ART in Namibia. Patients with prior ARV exposure had higher rates of PDR. Introducing a non-NNRTI-based regimen for first-line ART should be considered to maximize benefit of ART and minimize the emergence of HIVDR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.