Trial reportJournal of diabetes investigation2019
Development of a self-efficacy questionnaire, 'Insulin Therapy Self-efficacy Scale (ITSS)', for insulin users in Japanese: The Self-Efficacy-Q study.
Trial report in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of a self-efficacy questionnaire, 'Insulin Therapy Self-efficacy Scale (ITSS)', for insulin users in Japanese: The Self-Efficacy-Q study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2019Trial
- Status and influencing factors of OTC medicine use for self-medication in cold and cough: a cross-sectional survey in Japan.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a Chinese insulin medication literacy scale for patients with diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Persons with Diabetes' Perceptions of Family Burden and Associated Factors.Journal of diabetes research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
AIMS/
introductionAlthough patient self-efficacy is known to affect adherence to therapy, no available tool measures self-efficacy of insulin therapy administration while addressing the entire therapeutic process and management. In light of this, we developed the 'Insulin Therapy Self-efficacy Scale (ITSS).' MATERIALS AND
methodsDevelopment of the ITSS involved three phases: (i) item generation and creation of a questionnaire draft; (ii) testing and correcting the items through interviews with patients; and (iii) a multicenter, single-arm study to validate the questionnaire.
resultsA factor analysis and Cronbach's α both confirmed good internal consistency in the patients' confidence regarding the following four factors: the insulin injection procedure, insulin titration, glycemic control and ability to cope with hypoglycemia. Reproducibility was confirmed using weighted κ statistics and intraclass correlations. Good concurrent validity was confirmed with two other questionnaires. The ITSS score was also found to correlate with several patient characteristics and clinical parameters, as well as with a better adherence to injected insulin therapy 6 months later, suggesting the predictive validity of this scale.
conclusionsThe ITSS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing and quantifying patients' self-efficacy. The ITSS estimation of self-efficacy can predict a patient's glycemic control and future adherence to insulin therapy. These characteristics will ensure the usefulness of the ITSS in ensuring a successful therapeutic process for patients and physicians.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.