ArticleScientific reports2018
Evaluation of standard field and laboratory methods to compare protection times of the topical repellents PMD and DEET.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longifolene enhances Beauveria bassiana bait by counteracting repellency in the fungus-growing termite Odontotermes formosanus.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Eco-friendly mosquito control: Assessing the larvicidal and repellent effects ofParasite epidemiology and control · 2026Article
- Evaluating repellence properties of a catnip essential oil-based mosquito repellent using the human landing catch method in Eastern Uganda.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Harnessing insect-derived oils for enhanced efficacy of plant-based repellents against disease-transmitting mosquitoes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Odor repellency and neuronal responses of commercial products towards Anopheles mosquitoes.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Making scents of mosquito repellents.Trends in parasitology · 2025Review
- Repelling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with electric fields using insulated conductor wires.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Human landing catches provide a useful measure of protective efficacy for the evaluation of volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- The fabrication and assessment of mosquito repellent cream for outdoor protection.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Two New Alternatives to the Conventional Arm-in-Cage Test for Assessing Topical Repellents.Journal of medical entomology · 2021Article
- Evaluating putative repellent 'push' and attractive 'pull' components for manipulating the odour orientation of host-seeking malaria vectors in the peri-domestic space.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Management of Travel-Related Infectious Diseases in the Emergency Department.Current emergency and hospital medicine reports · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mosquitoes are important vectors of pathogens, and travellers to disease endemic countries are advised to avoid bites by applying topical repellents. Topical repellents are typically tested either in the arm-in-cage (AIC) test under laboratory conditions or in the field, but not often under both conditions. We, therefore, investigated how two topical repellents, 15% para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) and 15% N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) compare against each other both in the AIC test against three species recommended by the World Health Organization (i.e. Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus) and at two field sites in Switzerland, while using the same study participants in all experiments. In the field, the median complete protection time (CPT) was at least 6 hours for both PMD and DEET, while in the AIC test DEET slightly outperformed PMD. CPTs for DEET in the AIC test were 0.5, 2 and 2 hours against Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively, and the corresponding median CPTs for PMD were 0.5, 1 and 0.5 hours. In conclusion, DEET slightly outperformed PMD in the AIC test, while the observed landing rates suggest the AIC test to underestimate efficacy of topical repellents in areas with lower landing pressure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.