SynthesisBMJ open2018
Alcohol and the risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review of the relationship between dimensions of alcohol consumption and the burden of disease: 2026 update including Mendelian randomisation studies.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Influence of Alcohol on the Intestinal Immune System.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Alcohol's Effects on the Lung and Lung Disease.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- The Association Between Prescribed Opioid Receipt and Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Alcohol-induced altered glycans in human tracheal epithelial cells promote bacterial adhesion.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Factors associated with severe pneumonia in adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia in Mongolia.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Influence of lifestyle factors on susceptibility, disease course and recovery from post COVID-19 syndrome: a scoping review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Determinants of pneumonia among adult asthmatic patients attending public hospitals in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A case control study.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Concurrent Alcohol Use and the Relative Risk of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Associated With Anticholinergic and Non-Anticholinergic Neurocognitively Active Medication Receipt: A National Nested Case-Control Study Among US Veterans.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Alcohol, aging, and the gut microbiome: Intersections of immunity, barrier dysfunction, and disease.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- A computational framework for defining and validating reproducible phenotyping algorithms of 313 diseases in the UK Biobank.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sequelae of Immunocompromised Host Pneumonia.Clinics in chest medicine · 2025Review
- Interpretable machine learning model to predict 90-day radiographically confirmed pneumonia after chemotherapy initiation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: development and internal validation of a single-center cohort.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The Gut-Lung Axis During Ethanol Exposure and aBiomedicines · 2024Article
- Designing clinical trials to address alcohol use and alcohol-associated liver disease: an expert panel Consensus Statement.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Characteristics and outcomes of a hospitalized cohort with reduced mortality from COVID-19, White Mountain apache tribal lands, April 1 - July 31, 2020.BMC public health · 2024Observational
- Factors associated with an increased risk of developing pneumonia during acute ischemic stroke hospitalization.PloS one · 2024Observational
- Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in alcoholics.PloS one · 2024Article
- Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome complicated with acute pancreatitis.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the magnitude of the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults was undertaken.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsComprehensive searches of Medline, Embase and Web of Science were carried out to identify comparative studies of the association between alcohol intake and CAP between 1985 and 2017. Reference lists were also screened. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled effect sizes. A dose-response meta-analysis was also performed.
resultsWe found 17 papers eligible for inclusion in the review, of which 14 provided results which could be pooled. Meta-analysis of these 14 studies identified an 83% increased risk of CAP among people who consumed alcohol or in higher amounts, relative to those who consumed no or lower amounts of alcohol, respectively (relative risk=1.83, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.57). There was substantial between-study heterogeneity, which was attributable in part to differences in study continent, adjustment for confounders and pneumonia diagnosis (clinical vs death). Dose-response analysis found that for every 10-20 g higher alcohol intake per day, there was an 8% increase in the risk of CAP.
conclusionsThe findings suggest that alcohol consumption increases the risk of CAP. Therefore, strengthening policies to reduce alcohol intake would be likely to reduce the incidence of CAP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.